[PKM1 Regulates the Expression of Autophagy and Neuroendocrine Markers in Small Cell Lung Cancer].

Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is known as recalcitrant cancer with high malignancy and heterogeneity. Immunotherapy has changed the treatment pattern of extensive-disease SCLC (ED-SCLC), but the beneficiary population is limited. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies is an urgent clinical problem to be solved for SCLC.

Biodegradation enhancement of high concentrations formaldehyde waste gas and verification of the metabolic mechanism.

The enhanced effects of formaldehyde biodegradation in a biofilm packing tower are investigated in this study. Three experimental groups were established: a blank control group, a biochar addition group, and a lanthanum addition group. The inlet gas flow rate, the inlet gas concentration, and the structural succession characteristics of the microbial community in the tower were investigated by regular sampling.

Effects of Blocking NLRP3 Inflammasome on Type II Innate Lymphoid Cell Response in Allergic Rhinitis.

Background: Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and NLRP3 inflammasome are related to allergic and inflammatory responses. NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 was demonstrated to ameliorate allergic rhinitis (AR) in animal models.

Objective: To elucidate the effect of MCC950 on ILC2 responses in AR.

Single cell sequencing revealed the mechanism of PD-1 resistance affected by the expression profile of peripheral blood immune cells in ESCC.

Background: Esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly lethal malignancy with poor prognosis. The effect of transcriptome characteristics of patient immune microenvironment (TME) on the efficacy of immunosuppressive agents is still poorly understood.

Methods: Here we extracted and isolated immune cells from peripheral blood of patients with PD-1 monoclonal antibody sensitivity and resistance, and conducted deep single-cell RNA sequencing to describe the baseline landscape of the composition, lineage, and functional status of infiltrating immune cells in peripheral blood of patients with esophageal cancer.

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions of COVID-19 patients in China: A multicenter study.

Introduction: With the spread of the epidemic worldwide, an increasing number of doctors abroad have observed the following atypical symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): olfactory or taste disorders. Therefore, clarifying the incidence and clinical characteristics of olfactory and taste disorders in Chinese COVID-19 patients is of great significance and urgency.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted, which included 229 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 confirmed patients, through face-to-face interviews and telephone follow-up.

A cross-sectional study of olfactory and taste disorders among COVID-19 patients in China.

To determine the prevalence and clinical features of olfactory and taste disorders among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China. A cross-sectional study was performed in Wuhan from April 3, 2020 to April 15, 2020. A total of 187 patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) completed face-to-face interviews or telephone follow-ups.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of TKIs Alone or in Combination With Antiangiogenic Agents in Advanced EGFR-Mutated NSCLC as the First-Line Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Several studies have suggested that patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) might benefit from the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in combination with antiangiogenic agents. This study aimed to comprehensively review the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of first-line TKI plus antiangiogenic agents versus TKIs alone in EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed to identify studies published up to Feb.

Current and future drug combination strategies based on programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have made breakthroughs in the field of lung cancer and have become a focal point for research. Programmed death-1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor monotherapy was the first to break the treatment pattern for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, owing to the limited benefit of ICI monotherapy at the population level and its hyper-progressive phenomenon, it may not meet clinical needs.

Absorption and speciation of arsenic by microalgae under arsenic-copper Co-exposure.

Combined pollutions of arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) are common in water bodies near mines, non-ferrous metal smelting and power plants. This study investigated the effect of Cu(II) on the absorption and speciation of As(V) by microalgae. We compared the absorption and speciation of arsenic by microalgae (mainly Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta) when exposed to single As(V) with that exposed to As-Cu co-exposure in laboratory.

Pretreatment prognostic nutritional index is a prognostic marker for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients treated with anlotinib.

Background: Anlotinib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits tumor angiogenesis which has shown activity in several malignancies and approved for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in China. However, there are no markers can predict the clinical outcomes of anlotinib. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of anlotinib in extensive stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) patients who failed at least two regimens treatment and to explore potential factors related to its survival benefit.

[Highlights of PAPR Inhibitors in Small Cell Lung Cancer].

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), characterized by early metastasis, relapse, relapse and resistance and poor prognosis, still faces difficulties in treatment. Recently, Immunotherapy is a novel treatment for SCLC, researchers are also eager to achieve a breakthrough in targeted treatment of SCLC. Genomic instability of SCLC and sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapy, therefore, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors targeting DNA repair related pathways have become a hotspot in the research of SCLC targeted therapy.

Comprehensive characterization and clinical impact of concomitant genomic alterations in EGFR-mutant NSCLCs treated with EGFR kinase inhibitors.

Objectives: Although the majority of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), significant heterogeneity in clinical response is observed which might be attributed to the distinct sub-molecular characteristics. The present study aims to identify genetic alterations correlated with clinical outcomes and treatment response to different EGFR-TKI inhibitors.

Materials And Methods: We integrated the genomic data and clinical outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in 179 patients with advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC who were treated with EGFR-TKI as 1st line of treatment.

Factors related to rapid progression of non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese patients treated using single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While rapid progression (RP) has been proposed as a non-negligible pattern of response to ICIs, its definition and related factors remain unclear. This study aimed to develop a clinical definition of RP and to identify related factors.

The effect of PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy in the treatment of squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Background: This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy compared with chemotherapy in IIIB or IV or recurrent squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: We performed a literature search on the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases, in addition to the abstracts from major conference proceedings of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) from 2004 to May 2019. Randomized controlled trials that compared PD-L1/PD-1 immunotherapy with chemotherapy in IIIB or IV or recurrent squamous NSCLC were included.

The clinical and genetic research of Waardenburg syndrome type I and II in Chinese families.

Objective: Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a neurocristopathy with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance and highly genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations of PAX3, SOX10, MITF, EDNRB, EDN3 and SNAI2 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of WS. In this study, we aimed to identify pathogenic genes among WS families and to analyze the pathogenic relationship between genotypes and phenotypes.

Prognostic roles of mitochondrial transcription termination factors in non-small cell lung cancer.

Mitochondrial transcription termination factors (MTERFs) regulate mitochondrial gene transcription and metabolism in numerous types of cells. Previous studies have indicated that MTERFs serve pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of various cancer types. However, the expression and prognostic roles of MTERFs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain elusive.

Systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio can predict clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer treated with nivolumab.

Background: Explore markers to predict the clinical outcomes of checkpoint inhibitors have high unmet needs. The following study investigates whether hematologic parameter such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is associated with nivolumab efficacy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: Advanced/metastatic NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab monotherapy for second-line or further-line treatment at Jilin Cancer Hospital between March 2016 and July 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study.

Improved Jayaweera-Mikkelsen model to quantify ammonia volatilization from rice paddy fields in China.

Current estimates of China's ammonia (NH) volatilization from paddy rice differ by more than twofold, mainly due to inappropriate application of chamber-based measurements and improper assumptions within process-based models. Here, we improved the Jayaweera-Mikkelsen (JM) model through multiplying the concentration of aqueous NH in ponded water by an activity coefficient that was determined based on high-frequency flux observations at Jingzhou station in Central China. We found that the improved JM model could reproduce the dynamics of observed NH flux (R = 0.

[Research Progress of Immunotherapy for Brain Metastases in Patients with Drive Gene Negative NSCLC].

Brain metastasis was a common metastasis site and leading cause of death in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors had improved survival of NSCLC patients with positive drive gene. It also brings good news to NSCLC patients with positive drive gene and brain metastases.

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance versus computed tomography colonography for colorectal cancer: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Advanced colorectal cancers were associated with poor prognosis, and early diagnosis was important for high-risk patients. Colonography is commonly used for diagnosing colorectal cancer. However, a few studies reported the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) versus computed tomography colonography (CTC).

Effects of elevated sulfate concentration on the mobility of arsenic in the sediment-water interface.

The adsorption/desorption of arsenic (As) at the sediment-water interface in lakes is the key to understanding whether As can enter the ecosystem and participate in material circulation. In this study, the concentrations of As(III), total arsenic [As(T)], sulfide, iron (Fe), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in overlying water were observed after the initial sulfate (SO) concentrations were increased by four gradients in the presence and absence of microbial systems. The results indicate that increased SO concentrations in overlying water triggered As desorption from sediments.

TIAM1 inhibits lung fibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis.

The differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is critical for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 (TIAM1) is known to be associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 and colorectal cancer; however, its role in IPF is unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and roles of TIAM1 in lung fibroblasts during pulmonary fibrosis.

Heat Shock Protein 27, a Novel Regulator of Transforming Growth Factor β Induced Resistance to Cisplatin in A549 Cell.

Lung cancer is one of the major causes of cancer morbidity and mortality around the world, and the resistance to cisplatin is a critical issue to chemotherapy in lung cancer patients. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signal pathway abnormality is widely observed in drug resistance during lung cancer chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the effects of heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) in the TGF-β-induced cisplatin resistance in lung cancer cell.

Re-estimating NH3 Emissions from Chinese Cropland by a New Nonlinear Model.

Ammonia (NH3) released to the atmosphere leads to a cascade of impacts on the environment, yet estimation of NH3 volatilization from cropland soils (VNH3) in a broad spatial scale is still quite uncertain in China. This mainly stems from nonlinear relationships between VNH3 and relevant factors. On the basis of 495 site-years of measurements at 78 sites across Chinese croplands, we developed a nonlinear Bayesian tree regression model to determine how environmental factors modulate the local derivative of VNH3 to nitrogen application rates (Nrate) (VR, %).

Response to the Commentary on "Arsenic mobility in the arsenic-contaminated Yangzonghai Lake in China".

This is the response to "Commentary on 'Arsenic mobility in the arsenic-contaminated Yangzonghai Lake in China' by Changliang Yang et al. [Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 107(2014)321-327]" (by Jing Chen et al.).