Comparative phylogenomic study of East Asian endemic genus, Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc. (Malvaceae s.l.), based on complete plastome sequences.

Background: Endemic plants are key to understanding the evolutionary history and enhancing biodiversity within their unique regions, while also offering significant economic potential. The East Asian endemic genus Corchoropsis Siebold & Zucc., classified within the subfamily Dombeyoideae of Malvaceae s.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of the liverwort, Lindb. (Porellaceae).

Lindb. is a liverwort species of Porellaceae, primarily distributed in East Asia. Here, we determined the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of The complete cp genome was 121,433 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure consisting of a large single-copy region (83,039 bp), a small single-copy region (19,586 bp), and two copies of inverted repeat regions (9,404 bp, each).

Impact of the Molecular Structure of Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Incorporated Y-Series Acceptors on the Formation of Alloy-like Acceptors and Performance of Non-Halogenated Solvent-Processable Organic Solar Cells.

To realize efficient, green solvent-processable organic solar cells (OSCs), considerable effort has been expended on the development of conjugated materials with both superior optoelectrical properties and processability. However, molecular design strategies that enhance solubility often reduce crystalline/electrical properties of the materials. In this study, we develop three new guest small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) (Y-4C-4O, Y-6C-4O, and Y-12C-4O) featuring inner side chains consisting of terminal oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) groups and alkyl spacers of different lengths.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of (Apocynaceae).

(Apocynaceae), endangered species in Korea, is a perennial herb that is economically important as traditional medicine and used as ornamentals. Natural populations of this species are facing extinction due to small population size and isolated distribution. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of using Illumina HiSeq sequencing and its phylogenetic position in subfamily Rauvolfioideae based on 20 Apocynaceae cp genomes.

Intuitive endoscopic robot master device with image orientation correction.

Background: The camera of an endoscope is fixed to the device, and the image rotates together with the endoscope. This can lead to visual confusion for the user and incorrect image reading. The problem also occurs with endoscopic robots.

Phylogenetic relationship, biogeography, and conservation genetics of endangered (Oleaceae), endemic to South Korea.

Endemic plants are important for understanding phylogenetic relationships, biogeographical history, and genetic variation because of their restricted distribution and their role in conserving biodiversity. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Korean endemic by reconstructing the molecular phylogeny of based on two nuclear DNA (nrITS and ) and two chloroplast DNA ( and ) regions. Within our fossil-calibrated phylogenetic framework, we also inferred the biogeographical history of .

Bed-mounted laparoscopic surgical robot system with novel positioning arm mechanism.

Background: Commercialised laparoscopic surgical robotic systems require a large operating room and can only be used in large hospitals. If the robotic system is to be used in a small- or medium-sized hospital, the occupied volume must be reduced further.

Methods: In this paper, we propose a bed-mounted system that can be installed in a general operating room.

Intuitive master device for endoscopic robots with visual-motor correspondence.

Background: Master devices exclusively used for endoscopes with position control are being developed as an isomorphic form of endoscopes. These master devices are difficult to intuitively operate because the movement direction of the endoscopic image and control handle do not match.

Methods: To solve this problem, a master device was developed.

Analysis of tendon tension and hysteresis by tendon twisting and development of anti-twist tendon mechanism of robotic surgical instruments.

Background: Control of the joints of robotic surgical instruments is difficult owing to hysteresis, and tendon twisting due to axial rotation of surgical tools also causes hysteresis. Therefore, a new mechanism is needed to prevent tendon twisting.

Methods: Tendon tension and hysteresis change were analysed by observing the movement of the joint depending on whether the tendons twisted for the same input signal.

Insights into phylogenetic relationships and genome evolution of subfamily Commelinoideae (Commelinaceae Mirb.) inferred from complete chloroplast genomes.

Background: Commelinaceae (Commelinales) comprise 41 genera and are widely distributed in both the Old and New Worlds, except in Europe. The relationships among genera in this family have been suggested in several morphological and molecular studies. However, it is difficult to explain their relationships due to high morphological variations and low support values.

Complete chloroplast genomes shed light on phylogenetic relationships, divergence time, and biogeography of Allioideae (Amaryllidaceae).

Allioideae includes economically important bulb crops such as garlic, onion, leeks, and some ornamental plants in Amaryllidaceae. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequences of 17 species of Allioideae, five of Amaryllidoideae, and one of Agapanthoideae. These cpDNA sequences represent 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, and range from 151,808 to 159,998 bp in length.

Comparative analysis and implications of the chloroplast genomes of three thistles ( L., Asteraceae).

Background: , commonly known as plumeless thistles, is a genus in the Asteraceae family that exhibits both medicinal value and invasive tendencies. However, the genomic data of (i.e.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Korean endemic, (Orchidaceae).

(Orchidaceae), endemic to South Korea, is a perennial herb and its local population sizes are declined because of the destruction caused by human activity and the invasion of exotic species in their habitats. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of , which will provide valuable information for its biological conservation and future studies for the cp genome evolution of endemic plants on the Korean Peninsula. The cp genome of is 155,708 bp in length, containing a large single-copy region of 85,131 bp and a small single-copy region of 17,659 bp which are separated by a pair of inverted repeats of 26,459 bp.

Impact of Chlorination Patterns of Naphthalenediimide-Based Polymers on Aggregated Structure, Crystallinity, and Device Performance of All-Polymer Solar Cells and Organic Transistors.

The aggregation properties of conjugated polymers can play a crucial role in their thin film structures and performance of electronic devices. Control of these aggregated structures is particularly important in producing efficient all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), considering that strong demixing of the polymer donor and polymer acceptor typically occurs during film formation because of the low entropic contribution to the thermodynamics of the system. Here, three naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based polymer acceptors with different backbone chlorination patterns are developed to investigate the effect of the chlorination patterns on the aggregation tendencies of the polymer acceptors, which greatly influence their crystalline structures, electrical properties, and device performances of the resultant all-PSCs and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).

Eco-Friendly Polymer Solar Cells: Advances in Green-Solvent Processing and Material Design.

Despite the recent breakthroughs of polymer solar cells (PSCs) exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of over 17%, toxic and hazardous organic solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene are still commonly used in their fabrication, which impedes the practical application of PSCs. Thus, the development of eco-friendly processing methods suitable for industrial-scale production is now considered an imperative research focus. This Review provides a roadmap for the design of efficient photoactive materials that are compatible with non-halogenated green solvents (, xylenes, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran).

Implications of plastome evolution in the true lilies (monocot order Liliales).

The families of the monocot order Liliales exhibit highly contrasting characteristic of photosynthetic and mycoheterotrophic life histories. Although previous phylogenetic and morphological studies of Liliales have been conducted, they have not examined molecular evolution associated with this contrasting phenomenon. Here, we conduct the first comparative plastome study of all ten families of Liliales using 29 newly sequenced plastid genomes analyzed together with previously published data.

Historical Biogeography of Melanthiaceae: A Case of Out-of-North America Through the Bering Land Bridge.

Intercontinental floristic disjunction between East Asia and North America in the Northern Hemisphere has received much attention during the past decades, but few studies have focused on the family level. Melanthiaceae, containing 196 species and 17 genera circumscribed in five tribes, is disjunctly distributed in Eurasia and North America. It is one of the foremost models for studying the evolution of biogeographic patterns in this region.

Draft genome sequence of wild Prunus yedoensis reveals massive inter-specific hybridization between sympatric flowering cherries.

Background: Hybridization is an important evolutionary process that results in increased plant diversity. Flowering Prunus includes popular cherry species that are appreciated worldwide for their flowers. The ornamental characteristics were acquired both naturally and through artificially hybridizing species with heterozygous genomes.

Molecular Phylogeny and Dating of Forsythieae (Oleaceae) Provide Insight into the Miocene History of Eurasian Temperate Shrubs.

Tribe Forsythieae (Oleaceae), containing two genera ( and ) and 13 species, is economically important plants used as ornamentals and in traditional medicine. This tribe species occur primarily in mountainous regions of Eurasia with the highest species diversity in East Asia. Here, we examine 11 complete chloroplast genome and nuclear () DNA sequences of 10 species and using Illumina platform to provide the phylogeny and biogeographic history of the tribe.

Molecular systematics and historical biogeography of s.s.

Premise Of The Study: Understanding the underlying mechanisms for the evolution of intercontinental disjunct patterns has long fascinated botanists. We present a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of s.l.

Mazus sunhangii (Mazaceae), a New Species Discovered in Central China Appears to Be Highly Endangered.

Mazus sunhangii, a new species of Mazaceae from central China is described and illustrated based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny. This new species is morphologically similar to M. puchellus and M.

Development of chloroplast microsatellite markers for the endangered Maianthemum bicolor (Asparagaceae s.l.).

Premise Of The Study: Ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers were developed and characterized in an endemic and endangered herb, Maianthemum bicolor (Asparagaceae s.l.), for use in conservation genetics.

Distribution of the colonoscopic adenoma detection rate according to age: is recommending colonoscopy screening for koreans over the age of 50 safe?

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the distributions of the polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) according to age by analyzing the polypectomy results.

Methods: A total of 10,098 patients who underwent a colonoscopy in 2013 were included in this study. Chi-square and logistic regression statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ver.

Systematics, biogeography, and character evolution of Deutzia (Hydrangeaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.

The genus Deutzia (Hydrangeaceae), containing ca. 60 species circumscribed in three sections, is disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and Central America (Mexico). Although the genus is well delimited, its subdivisions into sections and series have not been the subject of an explicit test of monophyly based on molecular data.

Does the Arcto-Tertiary biogeographic hypothesis explain the disjunct distribution of Northern Hemisphere herbaceous plants? The case of Meehania (Lamiaceae).

Despite considerable progress, many details regarding the evolution of the Arcto-Tertiary flora, including the timing, direction, and relative importance of migration routes in the evolution of woody and herbaceous taxa of the Northern Hemisphere, remain poorly understood. Meehania (Lamiaceae) comprises seven species and five subspecies of annual or perennial herbs, and is one of the few Lamiaceae genera known to have an exclusively disjunct distribution between eastern Asia and eastern North America. We analyzed the phylogeny and biogeographical history of Meehania to explore how the Arcto-Tertiary biogeographic hypothesis and two possible migration routes explain the disjunct distribution of Northern Hemisphere herbaceous plants.