Biochar performance for preventing cadmium and arsenic accumulation, and the health risks associated with mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in co-contaminated soils.

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in co-contaminated soil can enter the human body harming health via the food chain, such as vegetables. Biochar derived from waste has been used to reduce heavy metal uptake by plant, but long-term effects of biochar under Cd and As co-contaminated soil needs to be investigated. A following mustard (Brassica juncea) was grown on co-contaminated soil amended with different raw materials of biochar including biochars pyrolyzed by lignite coal (LCB), rice straw (RSB), silkworm excrement (SEB), and sugar refinery sludge (SSB).

Comprehensive analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in kenaf cadmium stress alleviation.

Soil Cadmium (Cd) contamination has become a severe environmental problem around the world. Kenaf has great potential for utilization and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants alleviate Cd stress, but the underlying mechanism remains completely unknown.

Kinetics, mechanism, and application of sodium persulfate activated by sodium hydroxide for removing 1,2-dichloroethane from groundwater.

1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) is a common compound found in groundwater contaminated with organics. This compound is difficult to remove from groundwater and has the potential to inflict significant harm on human health and the environment. This study used sodium persulfate (NaSO) activated by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to remove 1,2-DCA from aqueous solutions.

Facilitated transport of microplastics and nonylphenol in porous media with variations in physicochemical heterogeneity.

Nonylphenol (Noph) has garnered worldwide concern as a typical endocrine disruptor due to its toxicity, estrogenic properties, and widespread contamination. To better elucidate the interaction of Noph with ubiquitously existing microplastics (MPs) and the potential interdependence of their transport behaviors, batch adsorption and column experiments were conducted, paired with mathematical modeling. Compared with sand, MPs and soil colloids show stronger adsorption affinity for Noph due to the formation of hydrogen bonding and the larger numbers of interaction sites that are available on solid surfaces.

Effects of foliar applications of Brassinolide and Selenium on the accumulation of Arsenic and Cadmium in rice grains and an assessment of their health risk.

Arsenic and cadmium pose a potential health risk to human beings via rice grain consumption. In the current study, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Br (5 mM and 20 mM) and Se (1 mM) at rice tillering and filling stages on Cd and As accumulation in rice grain and their health risk indices. The results showed that Br or Se applications at different stages of rice improved the photosynthesis, reduce MDA content in flag leaves by 17.

Application of Exogenous Iron Alters the Microbial Community Structure and Reduces the Accumulation of Cadmium and Arsenic in Rice ( L.).

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contamination of soil has been a public concern due to their potential accumulation risk through the food chain. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticle (Nano-Fe) to stabilize the concentrations of Cd and As in paddy soil. Both Fe treatments led to low extractable Cd and the contents of specifically sorbed As contents, increased (p < 0.

Cotransport of micro- and nano-plastics with chlortetracycline hydrochloride in saturated porous media: Effects of physicochemical heterogeneities and ionic strength.

Global production and use of plastics have resulted in the wide dissemination of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) to the natural environment. Potentially acting as a vector, the role of MNPs on the fate and transport of environmental pollutants (e.g.

Decontamination of dense nonaqueous-phase liquids in groundwater using pump-and-treat and chemical oxidation processes: a field test.

Groundwater remediation is difficult because of the complexity of the treatment area and the presence of various pollutants, and it is difficult to achieve using a single process. A combined pump-and-treat (P&T) and chemical oxidation (ISCO) system was used to remove dense nonaqueous-phase liquids (DNAPLs) from groundwater at the field scale in this study. The underground water pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration, and SO concentration were used as indirect evidence of chemical reactions.

SLC6A1-miR133a-CDX2 loop regulates SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

The present study assessed the expression of solute carrier 6 member 1 (SLC6A1) in ovarian cancer (OC) tissues and evaluated the effect of silencing SLC6A1 or caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SK-OV-3 OC cells. The levels of caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and SLC6A1 mRNA were also examined in OC SK-OV-3, OVCAR3 and A2780 cell lines. The mRNA levels of CDX2 and SLC6A1 in SK-OV-3 OC cells were assessed following transection with microRNA (miR) 133a mimics; the mRNA and protein levels of SLC6A1 were determined following the silencing of CDX2, and the mRNA expression of CDX2 was gauged following the silencing of SLC6A1.

Drivers and applications of integrated clean-up technologies for surfactant-enhanced remediation of environments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is considered as a promising and efficient remediation approach. This review summarizes and discusses main drivers on the application of SER in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated soil and water. The effect of PAH-PAH interactions on SER efficiency is, for the first time, illustrated in an SER review.

Accumulation of Hydrocarbons by Maize (Zea mays L.) in Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Crude Oil.

This study has investigated the use of screened maize for remediation of soil contaminated with crude oil. Pots experiment was carried out for 60 days by transplanting maize seedlings into spiked soils. The results showed that certain amount of crude oil in soil (≤2 147 mg·kg(-1)) could enhance the production of shoot biomass of maize.

The Effect of Pollination on Cd Phytoextraction From Soil by Maize (Zea mays L.).

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of pollination on cadmium (Cd) phytoextraction from soil by mature maize plants. The results showed that the unpollinated maize plants accumulated 50% more Cd than that of the pollinated plants, even though the dry weight of the former plants was 15% less than that of the latter plants. The Cd accumulation in root and leaf of the unpollinated maize plant was 0.

Effect of surfactant amendment to PAHs-contaminated soil for phytoremediation by maize (Zea mays L.).

Understanding the uptake of organic pollutants by plants is an important part of the assessment of risks from crops grown on contaminated soils. This study was an investigation of the effects of surfactants added to PAHs-contaminated soil on the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in maize tissues during phytoremediation. The accumulation of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) by maize plant was not influenced significantly by the surfactant amendment to the soil.

[Molluscicidal effect comparison between TDS and MNSC in field].

Objective: To compare the molluscicidal effects between "Luo-wei" (TDS), a plant molluscicide in 4 percent, and metaldehyde and niclosamide (MNSC) in the field.

Methods: A natural ecological environment with Oncomelania hupensis was selected as the test area, the test concentrations of TDS and MNSC were 2.5 g/m3 and 2 ml/m3 respectively by the immersion method; the test doses of TDS and MNSC were 3 g/m2 and 2 ml/m2 respectively by the spray method; the doses of WPN in a control group were 2 g/m3 and 2 g/m2 respectively by the two methods above-mentioned.

Uptake and distribution of cd in sweet maize grown on contaminated soils: a field-scale study.

Maize is an economic crop that is also a candidate for use in phytoremediation in low-to-moderately Cd-contaminated soils, because the plant can accumulate high concentration of Cd in parts that are nonedible to humans while accumulating only a low concentration of Cd in the fruit. Maize cultivars CT38 and HZ were planted in field soils contaminated with Cd and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) was used to enhance the phytoextractive effect of the maize. Different organs of the plant were analyzed to identify the Cd sinks in the maize.

[Survey of causes of infected Oncomelania snails and infectious sources of schistosomiasis in marshland and lake region of Jingzhou City].

Objective: To explore the causes of infected Oncomelania snails and the sources of infection of schistosomiasis in marshland and lake regions of Jingzhou City, so as to provide the evidence for the establishment of control strategy.

Methods: The snail environments in villages with or without cattle in Gong'an and Jianli counties, Hubei Province were selected, the snail status, infection status of people and livestock and wildlife reservoir host (mice), as well as the contamination status of wild faeces were surveyed, and the infectivity of water in investigated villages without cattle were detected by sentinel mice. The correlation between the densities of infected snails and positive faeces were tested by the rank correlation method.

[Comparative evaluation of models for infectious source control of schistosomiasis in lake and marshland regions].

Objective: To compare the effect of different models for the control of infectious source of schistosomiasis, so as to explore the control models suitable for lake and marshland regions.

Methods: The models of "replacement of cattle with machine" and "grazing prohibition and establishing fixed pasture" were implemented in 2 towns of Gong'an and Jianli counties, Hubei Province, respectively, and the data of infection situation of human and livestock, Oncomelania hupensis snail situation and the contamination status of wild faeces were collected and analyzed from 2008 to 2010.

Results: In 2010, for the model of "replacement of cattle with machine", the infection rate of residents in the observation group decreased by 56.