CRISPR/Cas knockout of the NADPH oxidase gene OsRbohB reduces ROS overaccumulation and enhances heat stress tolerance in rice.

Heat stress (HS) has become a major factor limiting crop yields worldwide. HS inhibits plant growth by ROS accumulation, and NADPH oxidases (Rbohs) are major ROS producers in plants. Here, we show that CRISPR/Cas knockout of the OsRbohB (OsRbohB-KO) significantly increased rice tolerance to HS imposed at various different growth stages.

The complete chloroplast genome of Rosmann et Ninh, a golden species endemic to Vietnam.

Rosmann & Ninh 1997, belonging to the sect. , holds important ornamental value and medicinal value. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of was assembled using high-throughput sequencing technology.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Pitard) Sealy, a golden camellia of Vietnam.

(Pit.) Sealy 1949 is a rare and precious species with golden flowers, which hold important ornamental and breeding values. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of is reported for the first time.

Antioxidant Agriculture for Stress-Resilient Crop Production: Field Practice.

Oxidative stress, resulting from the excessive production of reactive oxygen species, is a common and major cause of cellular damage in plants exposed to various abiotic stresses. To address this challenge, we introduce the concept of antioxidant agriculture as a comprehensive strategy to improve stress tolerance and thus crop productivity by minimizing oxidative stress levels in the field environment. This strategy encompasses a diverse range of approaches, including genetic engineering, the exogenous application of antioxidant agents, microbial inoculation, and agronomic practices, to reinforce the plant's intrinsic antioxidant defense system and mitigate oxidative stress.

Identification of Pseudomonas strains for the biological control of soybean red crown root rot.

Soybean red crown root rot (RCR), caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen, Calonectria ilicicola, is the most destructive disease affecting soybean production in Japan. To date, no resistant cultivars or effective fungicides have been developed to control this disease. In this study, we evaluated 13 bacterial strains to determine their efficacy in controlling C.

Soybean Hypocotyls Prevent Invasion by Multi-Layered Defenses.

In plants, many pathogens infect a specific set of host organs to cause disease, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that inoculation of soybean plants with , the soil-borne causal agent of soybean red crown rot, caused typical disease symptoms of root rot and leaf chlorosis and necrosis. However, the pathogen DNA was only detected in the roots and stem (hypocotyl) base but not other aerial parts of the plants.

A fresh weight-based method for evaluating soybean resistance to red crown rot.

Soybean red crown rot (RCR) caused by is a serious soil-borne disease affecting soybean production and quality. The current visual necrosis-based method for the measurement of RCR severity is prone to subjectivity as well as time consuming and laborious as it requires digging out and washing the roots to remove adhering soil prior to the visual scoring. Using cultivar Enrei, we show that, upon infection, relative fresh weights (RFW; fresh weights relative to non-inoculated control plants) showed a significant negative correlation with visual RCR severity in apical shoot (trifoliate and above, R = 0.

Rice is Induced during Blast Infection in a Salicylic Acid-Dependent Manner, and Promotes Blast Fungus Resistance.

Fatty acids (FAs) have been implicated in signaling roles in plant defense responses. We previously reported that mutation or RNAi-knockdown (-kd) of the rice gene, encoding a stearoyl acyl carrier protein FA desaturase (SACPD), remarkably enhanced resistance to blast fungus and the leaf-blight bacterium pv. ().

Tyrosine phosphorylation of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, BSR1, plays a crucial role in resistance to multiple pathogens in rice.

Plants have evolved many receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) to modulate their growth, development, and innate immunity. Broad-Spectrum Resistance 1 (BSR1) encodes a rice RLCK, whose overexpression confers resistance to multiple diseases, including fungal rice blast and bacterial leaf blight. However, the mechanisms underlying resistance remain largely unknown.

A Multi-year Beneficial Effect of Seed Priming with Gibberellic Acid-3 (GA) on Plant Growth and Production in a Perennial Grass, Leymus chinensis.

Seed priming is a widely used technique in crops to obtain uniform germination and high-quality seedlings. In this study, we found a long-term effect of seed priming with gibberellic acid-3 (GA) on plant growth and production in Leymus chinensis. Seeds were germinated on agar plates containing 0-200 μM GA, and the germinated seedlings were transplanted to clay planting pots and grown for about one year.

Pharmacoeconomics of three Therapeutic Schemes for Anti-tuberculosis Therapy Induced Liver Injury in China.

Unlabelled: To evaluate the pharmacoeconomics of three therapeutic schemes in treating anti-tuberluosis therapy -induced liver injury (anti-TB DILI).

Methods: In the construction of a decision tree model, the efficacy and safety parameters came from the results of the randomized, controlled trial conducted here, the effect parameters were derived from expert advice, and the cost parameters, such as usage specification, number, and unit price, came from literature, expert advice, and so on.

Results: The cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) based on the effect degrees showed that bicyclol had the best effect (4.

Root Damage under Alkaline Stress Is Associated with Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Rice ( L.).

Alkaline stress (high pH) severely damages root cells, and consequently, inhibits rice ( L.) seedling growth. In this study, we demonstrate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in root cells under alkaline stress.

Stunted Growth Caused by Blast Disease in Rice Seedlings Is Associated with Changes in Phytohormone Signaling Pathways.

In response to pathogen attack, plants prioritize defense reactions generally at the expense of plant growth. In this work, we report that changes in phytohormone signaling pathways are associated with the stunted plant growth caused by blast disease in rice seedlings. Infection of rice seedlings with blast fungus (race 007.

WRKY45 phosphorylation at threonine 266 acts negatively on WRKY45-dependent blast resistance in rice.

WRKY45 is a central regulator of disease resistance mediated by salicylic acid signaling in rice and its activation involves phosphorylation by OsMPK6. OsMPK6 phosphorylates WRKY45 at Thr266, Ser294, and Ser299 in vitro. Phosphorylation of Ser294 and/or Ser299 is required for full activation of WRKY45, but the importance of Thr266 phosphorylation has remained unknown.

Evaluation of Resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Soybean Mini Core Collections Using an Improved Assay System.

Stem and root rot disease caused by Phytophthora sojae is devastating to soybean crops worldwide. Developing host resistance to P. sojae, considered the most effective and stable means to control this disease, is partly hampered by limited germplasm resources.

Rice OsVAMP714, a membrane-trafficking protein localized to the chloroplast and vacuolar membrane, is involved in resistance to rice blast disease.

Membrane trafficking plays pivotal roles in many cellular processes including plant immunity. Here, we report the characterization of OsVAMP714, an intracellular SNARE protein, focusing on its role in resistance to rice blast disease caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Disease resistance tests using OsVAMP714 knockdown and overexpressing rice plants demonstrated the involvement of OsVAMP714 in blast resistance.

Abiotic Stresses Antagonize the Rice Defence Pathway through the Tyrosine-Dephosphorylation of OsMPK6.

Plants, as sessile organisms, survive environmental changes by prioritizing their responses to the most life-threatening stress by allocating limited resources. Previous studies showed that pathogen resistance was suppressed under abiotic stresses. Here, we show the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.

Priming effect of abscisic acid on alkaline stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings.

Saline-alkaline stress is characterized by high salinity and high alkalinity (high pH); alkaline stress has been shown to be the primary factor inhibiting rice seedling growth. In this study, we investigated the potential priming effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on tolerance of rice seedlings to alkaline stress simulated by Na2CO3. Seedlings were pretreated with ABA at concentrations of 0 (control), 10, and 50 μM by root-drench for 24 h and then transferred to a Na2CO3 solution that did not contain ABA.

WRKY45-dependent priming of diterpenoid phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice and the role of cytokinin in triggering the reaction.

Plant activators such as benzothiadiazole (BTH) protect plants against diseases by priming the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. In rice, the transcription factor WRKY45 plays a central role in this process. To investigate the mechanism involved in defense-priming by BTH and the role of WRKY45 in this process, we analyzed the transcripts of biosynthetic genes for diterpenoid phytoalexins (DPs) during the rice-Magnaporthe oryzae interaction.

Genome-wide identification of WRKY45-regulated genes that mediate benzothiadiazole-induced defense responses in rice.

Background: The rice transcription factor WRKY45 plays a crucial role in salicylic acid (SA)/benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced disease resistance. Its knockdown severely reduces BTH-induced resistance to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo).

Blast resistance of CC-NB-LRR protein Pb1 is mediated by WRKY45 through protein-protein interaction.

Panicle blast 1 (Pb1) is a panicle blast resistance gene derived from the indica rice cultivar "Modan." Pb1 encodes a coiled-coil-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) protein and confers durable, broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae races. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Pb1-mediated blast resistance.

MAP kinases phosphorylate rice WRKY45.

WRKY45 transcription factor is a central regulator of disease resistance mediated by the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway in rice. SA-activated WRKY45 protein induces the accumulation of its own mRNA. However, the mechanism underlying this regulation is still unknown.

Cytokinins act synergistically with salicylic acid to activate defense gene expression in rice.

Hormone crosstalk is pivotal in plant-pathogen interactions. Here, we report on the accumulation of cytokinins (CK) in rice seedlings after infection of blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and its potential significance in rice-M. oryzae interaction.

Rice WRKY45 plays important roles in fungal and bacterial disease resistance.

Plant 'activators', such as benzothiadiazole (BTH), protect plants from various diseases by priming the plant salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway. We have reported previously that a transcription factor identified in rice, WRKY45 (OsWRKY45), plays a pivotal role in BTH-induced disease resistance by mediating SA signalling. Here, we report further functional characterization of WRKY45.