Evaluating the Net Energy Requirements for Maintenance Based on Indirect Calorimetry and Heart Rate Monitoring in Gestating Sows.

The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the net energy requirements for the maintenance of gestating sows based on indirect calorimetry, and (2) to explore the feasibility of predicting the net energy requirements for the maintenance of gestating sows based on daily heart rate monitoring. In Exp. 1, six Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred reproductive sows with an initial body weight of 229.

Modeling energy partition patterns of growing pigs fed diets with different net energy levels based on machine learning.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the energy partition patterns of growing pigs fed diets with different net energy (NE) levels based on machine learning methods, and to develop prediction models for the NE requirement of growing pigs. Twenty-four Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 24.90 ± 0.

Oils with different degree of saturation: effects on ileal digestibility of fat and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs.

Background: Oils are important sources of energy in pig diets. The combination of oils with different degree of saturation contributes to improve the utilization efficiency of the mixed oils and may reduce the cost of oil supplemented. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of oils with different degree of saturation on the fat digestibility and corresponding additivity and bacterial community in growing pigs.

Modeling net energy partition patterns of growing-finishing pigs using nonlinear regression and artificial neural networks.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the net energy (NE) partition patterns of growing-finishing pigs at different growing stages and to develop the corresponding prediction models using nonlinear regression (NLR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Twenty-four pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of ~30 kg were kept in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum and were moved into six respiration chambers in turns until ~90 kg. The NE partition patterns, i.

Effects of dietary oil sources and fat extraction methods on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs.

Background: There is a lack of data for the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of fat and fatty acids in national feed databases. In addition, it is important to specify the procedures used for fat analyses. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to 1) determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID of fat and fatty acids in ten different oil sources for growing pigs and to develop prediction equations for SID of fat based on fatty acid composition; and 2) compare the effect of the fat extraction methods on the calculated values for endogenous loss and digestibility of fat.

Determination and prediction of the available energy and amino acids digestibility of full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy and metabolizable energy contents, as well as the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in full-fat soybean fed to growing pigs. Ten full-fat soybean samples were collected from different areas in China and used in two experiments in this study. In Exp.

Mitigating environmental impacts using net energy system in feed formulation in China's pig production.

As the world's largest pork producer, China is facing substantial environmental pressures caused by pig production and the relevant feed production. The net energy (NE) system is promoted as a new evaluation method to evaluate energy content in feed and energy requirements of pigs, but its application lacks of comprehensive and comparative evaluation from the environmental perspective. To identify influence factors and to develop mitigation strategies, the carbon and nitrogen footprints and land use (LU) of pigs (25-120 kg) in China were explored through scenario analysis and cradle-to-farm gate life cycle assessment (LCA).

Effects of Replacing Fishmeal and Soybean Protein Concentrate with Degossypolized Cottonseed Protein in Diets on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Morphology, Cecum Microbiome and Fermentation of Weaned Piglets.

The inclusion of high-quality proteins is commonly used in swine production, especially in weaned pigs. Our research investigated the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) and soybean protein concentrate (SPC) with degossypolized cottonseed protein (DCP) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, cecum microbiota and fermentation in weaned pigs. A total of 90 pigs were used in a 4-week trial.

Net energy and its establishment of prediction equations for wheat bran in growing pigs.

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to determine the net energy (NE) value of 6 wheat bran and 1 wheat shorts by indirect calorimetry and establish the NE prediction equations of wheat bran fed to growing barrows.

Methods: Forty-eight growing barrows (28.5±2.

Predicting the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs based on net energy and digestible lysine intake using multiple regression and artificial neural networks models.

Backgrounds: Evaluating the growth performance of pigs in real-time is laborious and expensive, thus mathematical models based on easily accessible variables are developed. Multiple regression (MR) is the most widely used tool to build prediction models in swine nutrition, while the artificial neural networks (ANN) model is reported to be more accurate than MR model in prediction performance. Therefore, the potential of ANN models in predicting the growth performance of pigs was evaluated and compared with MR models in this study.

Chemical composition, energy content, and amino acid digestibility in Cyperus esculentus co-products fed to growing pigs.

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, DE, ME, and NE contents, and the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of AA in Cyperus esculentus co-products fed to growing pigs. The five C. esculentus co-products included expeller-pressed C.

Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.

Development and Validation of Equations for Predicting the Metabolizable Energy Value of Double-Low Rapeseed Cake for Growing Pigs.

The study was conducted to develop and validate an equation to predict the metabolizable energy (ME) of double-low rapeseed cakes (DLRSC) for growing pigs based on their chemical compositions. In Experiment 1, 66 growing pigs (initial body weight 36.6 ± 4.

Evaluation on Net Energy of Defatted Rice Bran from Different Origins and Processing Technologies Fed to Growing Pigs.

The study was conducted to determine and compare the net energy (NE) of defatted rice bran (DFRB) from different sources and different processing technology fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry. Thirty-six growing barrows (30.7 ± 3.

Effects of different defatted rice bran sources and processing technologies on nutrient digestibility in cannulated growing pigs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different defatted rice bran (DFRB) sources and processing technologies on nutrient digestibility in different intestinal segments of pigs. Nine barrows with T-cannula in the distal ileum were randomly allotted to nine different sources in which oil was pressed extracted for seven sources and was solvent extracted for two sources. The experiment contained 6 periods of 12 d, including 8 d for diet adaptation, 2 d for fecal collection, and 2 d for digesta collection.

Comparison of regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating ileal and total tract endogenous losses and digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs.

An experiment was conducted to 1) compare the regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating total or basal endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) and true digestibility (TD) or standardized digestibility (SD) of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs and 2) compare these estimated values at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract. Ten barrows (initial body weight: 45.1 ± 2.

Oat bran and wheat bran impact net energy by shaping microbial communities and fermentation products in pigs fed diets with or without xylanase.

Background: Dietary fiber can be fermented in gut of pigs and the end products of fermentation were short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The SCFA had positive effects on gut bacteria and host immune system. In addition, SCFA can provide a part of available energy for pigs.

Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs.

Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.

Relationship between Dietary Fiber Fermentation and Volatile Fatty Acids' Concentration in Growing Pigs.

This study was conducted to determine whether differences in fiber fermentation in fiber-rich feed ingredients exist and to assess relationship between fiber fermentation and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in pig. Castrated males (barrows) were allotted randomly to six diets formulated with different amounts of wheat bran (WB), corn bran (CB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), oat bran (OB), soybean hulls (SH) or rice bran (RB). The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) for OB and SH diets was greater ( < 0.

Endogenous Losses of Fat and Fatty Acids in Growing Pigs Are Not Affected by Vegetable Oil Sources but by the Method of Estimation.

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of oil sources with differing degrees of fatty acid saturation on endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) in growing pigs, in which endogenous losses were estimated by two methods. Sixty-eight growing barrows (initial body weight 31.13 ± 4.

Effects of dietary fibre level and body weight of pigs on nutrient digestibility and available energy in high-fibre diet based on wheat bran or sunflower meal.

The objectives of this study were (a) to investigate the effect of body weight (BW) on available energy in fibre-rich diets containing two NDF levels; and (b) to evaluate the effect of fibre type and NDF level on AA digestibility. In Exp. 1, barrows (24 at 33.

Available energy and amino acid digestibility of yellow dent corn fed to growing pigs1.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the DE and ME as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in corn fed to growing pigs. All corn was yellow dent corn collected from different areas in China. In Exp.

Metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance estimated by regression analysis of body weight gain or metabolizable energy intake in growing pigs.

Objective: Feed energy required for pigs is first prioritized to meet maintenance costs. Additional energy intake in excess of the energy requirement for maintenance is retained as protein and fat in the body, leading to weight gain. The objective of this study was to estimate the ME requirements for maintenance (MEm) by regressing body weight gain against ME intake (MEI) in growing pigs.

Effect of inclusion level of corn germ meal on the digestible and metabolizable energy and evaluation of ileal AA digestibility of corn germ meal fed to growing pigs.

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion level of corn germ meal (CGM) on the DE and ME values of CGM and to evaluate the ileal AA digestibility of CGM fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 42 barrows (63.