Subregional alterations in corpus callosum is associated with different symptoms in early-stage parkinson's disease.

Objective: Corpus callosum (CC) damage is the most consistent and typical change in early Parkinson's disease (PD), and is associated with various PD symptoms. However, the precise relationship between CC subregions and specific PD symptoms have not been identified comprehensively. In this study, we investigated the association between specific CC subregion alterations and PD symptoms using diffusion-weighted imaging.

-Structural Changes in Early-stage Parkinson's Disease with Resting Tremor at Node, Edge and Network Level.

Background: Resting tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the activity in the basal ganglia and cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits/network. However, most insights stem from functional MRI research, and structural studies, which can provide basis for and constrain functional activity, remains limited.

Methods: We investigated the structural change in PD patients with resting tremor (PD-WR) from a network perspective.

Diabetes may contribute to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease via damaging white matter tracts.

Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) severely affects the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the later stages. Recently, PD patients with diabetes were found to have a higher risk of cognitive decline and developing dementia with a faster progression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Diabetes-related white matter damage may partially explain the mechanism by which diabetes participates in PDD.

Corpus callosum and cerebellum participate in semantic dysfunction of Parkinson's disease: a diffusion tensor imaging-based cross-sectional study.

Language dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, among which, the decline of semantic fluency is usually observed. This study aims to explore the relationship between white matter (WM) alterations and semantic fluency changes in PD patients. 127 PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort who received diffusion tensor imaging scanning, clinical assessment and semantic fluency test (SFT) were included.

Cerebellar and cerebral white matter changes in Parkinson's disease with resting tremor.

Purpose: Cerebellum modulates the amplitude of resting tremor in Parkinson's disease (PD) via cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuit. Tremor-related white matter alterations have been identified in PD patients by pathological studies, but in vivo evidence is limited; the influence of such cerebellar white matter alterations on tremor-related brain network, including CTC circuit, is also unclear. In this study, we investigated the cerebral and cerebellar white matter alterations in PD patients with resting tremor using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Epileptiform Discharges Reduce Neuronal ATP Production by Inhibiting F0F1-ATP Synthase Activity via A Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein-Dependent Mechanism.

Neuronal energy metabolism dysfunction, especially adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply decrease, is observed in epilepsy and associated with epileptogenesis and prognosis. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is known as an important modulator of energy metabolism and involved in neuronal glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and ketogenesis impairment in seizures, but its effect on neuronal ATP synthesis in seizures and the specific mechanism are unclear. In this study, we verified the localization of ZAG in primary cultured neuronal mitochondria by using double-labeling immunofluorescence, immune electron microscopy, and western blot.

Glucose metabolism impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Impairments in systematic and regional glucose metabolism exist in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at every stage of the disease course, and such impairments are associated with the incidence, progression, and special phenotypes of PD, which affect each physiological process of glucose metabolism including glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and pentose phosphate shunt pathway. These impairments may be attributed to various mechanisms, such as insulin resistance, oxidative stress, abnormal glycated modification, blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, and hyperglycemia-induced damages. These mechanisms could subsequently cause excessive methylglyoxal and reactive oxygen species production, neuroinflammation, abnormal aggregation of protein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased dopamine, and finally result in energy supply insufficiency, neurotransmitter dysregulation, aggregation and phosphorylation of α-synuclein, and dopaminergic neuron loss.

Diffusion-weighted imaging lesions after endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Thromboembolism is one of the common complications in endovascular treatments including coiling alone, stent-assisted coiling (SAC), balloon-assisted coiling (BAC), and flow-diverting (FD) stents. Such treatments are widely used in intracranial aneurysms (IAs), which usually present as positive lesions in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Whether these adjunctive techniques increase postprocedural DWI-positive lesions after endovascular treatment remains unclear.

Risk factors related to early neurological deterioration in lacunar stroke and its influence on functional outcome.

Objective: To identify risk factors for early neurological deterioration (END) in acute lacunar stroke patients and its influence on functional outcome.

Methods: Consecutive acute lacunar stroke patients defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2018 and June 2020 were included in the study. END was defined as any persisting increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of ⩾ 2 points post admission, and favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-2 at discharge.

Levodopa responsiveness and white matter alterations in Parkinson's disease: A DTI-based study and brain network analysis: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) present various responsiveness to levodopa, but the cause of such differences in levodopa responsiveness is unclear. Previous studies related the damage of brain white matter (WM) to levodopa responsiveness in PD patients, but no study investigated the relationship between the structural brain network change in PD patients and their levodopa responsiveness.

Methods: PD patients were recruited and evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS).

A review on pathology, mechanism, and therapy for cerebellum and tremor in Parkinson's disease.

Tremor is one of the core symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its mechanism is poorly understood. The cerebellum is a growing focus in PD-related researches and is reported to play an important role in tremor in PD. The cerebellum may participate in the modulation of tremor amplitude via cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits.

Fyn kinase regulates dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis in animal and cell models of high glucose (HG) treatment.

Background: High glucose (HG) is linked to dopaminergic neuron loss and related Parkinson's disease (PD), but the mechanism is unclear.

Results: Rats and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate the effect of HG on dopaminergic neuronal apoptotic death. We found that a 40-day HG diet elevated cleaved caspase 3 levels and activated Fyn and mTOR/S6K signaling in the substantia nigra of rats.

The Efficacy and Safety of Pharmacological Treatments for Restless Legs Syndrome: Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Although various drugs are currently used for restless legs syndrome (RLS) in clinic, selecting appropriate drugs for patients is difficult. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different drugs. After literature searching and screening, 46 trials, including 10,674 participants are included in this NMA.

Vezatin regulates seizures by controlling AMPAR-mediated synaptic activity.

Although many studies have explored the mechanism of epilepsy, it remains unclear and deserves further investigation. Vezatin has been reported to be a synaptic regulatory protein involved in regulating neuronal synaptic transmission (NST). However, the role of vezatin in epilepsy remains unknown.

Glucose transporter 3 in neuronal glucose metabolism: Health and diseases.

Neurons obtain glucose from extracellular environment for energy production mainly depending on glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). GLUT3 uptakes glucose with high affinity and great transport capacity, and is important for neuronal energy metabolism. This review summarized the role of neuronal GLUT3 in brain metabolism, function and development under both physiological conditions and in diseases, aiming to provide insights into neuronal glucose metabolism and its effect on brain.

Levodopa responsiveness in Parkinson's disease patients and white matter alterations in diffusion tensor imaging: a cross-sectional tract-based spatial statistics study.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between levodopa responsiveness and white matter alterations in Parkinson's disease patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-six recruited Parkinson's disease patients were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination, Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y) and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Each patient underwent a DTI scan and an acute levodopa challenge test.

Plasma C-Reactive Protein Level and Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated by Intravenous Thrombolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: The plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) level in predicting prognosis of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is not yet established. This study is aiming to investigate the relationship between the plasma CRP level and outcome of AIS patients receiving IVT.

Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies that evaluated the relationship between the CRP level and outcome of AIS patients receiving IVT.

Zinc-α2-glycoprotein relieved seizure-Induced neuronal glucose uptake impairment via insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-regulated glucose transporter 3 expression.

Glucose hypometabolism is observed in epilepsy and promotes epileptogenesis. Glucose hypometabolism in epilepsy may be attributed to decreased neuronal glucose uptake, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is related to glucose metabolism and is reported to suppress seizures.

Adenoviral transfer of hemopexin gene attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured primary cortical neuron cell exposed to blood clot.

Background: A growing body of experimental evidence suggests that hemin released from heme is a potent oxidant and accumulates in intracranial hematomas. Hemopexin (Hpx) decreases hemin accumulation and catabolism by nerve cells. In previous study, we observed that Hpx gene knockout aggravated striatal injury and worsened behavioral deficits of mice subjected to intracerebral hemorrhage.