From Mechanisms to Medicine: Neurovascular Coupling in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Narrative Review.

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) refers to the process of local changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) after neuronal activity, which ensures the timely and adequate supply of oxygen, glucose, and substrates to the active regions of the brain. Recent clinical imaging and experimental technology advancements have deepened our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying NVC. Pathological conditions such as stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral small vascular disease, and vascular cognitive impairment can disrupt NVC even before clinical symptoms appear.

The Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response on Mechanical Thrombectomy is Partly Mediated by Pre-thrombectomy Cerebral Edema in Acute Stroke Patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of baseline Systemic Inflammatory Response reflected by platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and pre-thrombectomy cerebral edema reflected by Net Water Uptake (NWU) on futile recanalization in patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) after successful thrombectomy, and to investigate the potential mediating role of baseline cerebral edema.

Methods: 134 Patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke receiving successful thrombectomy were retrospectively studied. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at admission, and the NWU was quantitatively calculated based on baseline computed tomography (CT).

Association of Alkaline Phosphatase Level with Futile Recanalization in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Endovascular Thrombectomy.

Objective: Nearly half of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) patients failed to achieve favorable outcomes despite successful reperfusion treatment. This phenomenon is referred to as Futile Recanalization (FR). Screening patients at risk of FR is vital for stroke management.

Anti-Purkinje Cell Cytoplasmic Antibody Type 2-Associated Autoimmune Cerebellar Degeneration in Children: A Different Phenotype From Adults.

Background: Anti-Purkinje cell cytoplasmic antibody type 2 (PCA-2) is associated with various neurological conditions in adults. However, related studies have not been conducted in children. The present study aimed to characterize the clinical features and outcomes of PCA-2-related autoimmune cerebellar degeneration in pediatric patients.

The impact of high-altitude and cold environment on brain and heart damage in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) causes severe organ damage, worsened by high-altitude conditions with lower oxygen and temperatures. Existing research lacks specific insights on brain and heart damage under these conditions. This study hypothesizes that high-altitude and cold (HAC) environments exacerbate HS-induced damage in the brain and heart, aiming to improve treatment strategies.

Remote ischemic conditioning prevents ischemic cerebrovascular events in children with moyamoya disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a significant cause of childhood stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) in children with MMD.

Methods: In a single-center pilot study, 46 MMD patients aged 4 to 14 years, with no history of reconstructive surgery, were randomly assigned to receive either RIC or sham RIC treatment twice daily for a year.

Ginseng aconitum decoction (Shenfu Tang) provides neuroprotection by ameliorating impairment of blood-brain barrier in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Ischemic stroke (IS) remains one of the most serious threats to human life. Early blood-brain barrier damage (BBB) is the cause of parenchymal cell damage. Repair of the structure and function of the BBB is beneficial for the treatment of IS.

Stroke-heart syndrome: current progress and future outlook.

Stroke can lead to cardiac complications such as arrhythmia, myocardial injury, and cardiac dysfunction, collectively termed stroke-heart syndrome (SHS). These cardiac alterations typically peak within 72 h of stroke onset and can have long-term effects on cardiac function. Post-stroke cardiac complications seriously affect prognosis and are the second most frequent cause of death in patients with stroke.

A Comprehensive Prediction Model for Futile Recanalization in AIS Patients Post-Endovascular Therapy: Integrating Clinical, Imaging, and No-Reflow Biomarkers.

Our study aimed to construct a predictive model for identifying instances of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS) who achieved complete reperfusion following endovascular therapy. We included 173 AIS patients who attained complete reperfusion, as indicated by a Modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) scale score of 3. Our approach involved a thorough analysis of clinical factors, imaging biomarkers, and potential no-reflow biomarkers through both univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictors of futile recanalization.

Clinical Presentation, Management, and Diagnostic Performance of 2021 Criteria for Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes in Childhood.

Background And Objectives: Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNSs) are remote neurologic immune-related effects of tumors. The clinical characteristics of pediatric PNSs remain unclear. We retrospectively examined the clinical characteristics of cases of pediatric PNSs and assessed the performance of the 2021 diagnostic criteria in children.

A narrative review of potential neural repair poststroke: Decoction of Chinese angelica and peony in regulating microglia polarization through the neurosteroid pathway.

Ischemic stroke is a major global health crisis, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Although there have been significant advancements in treating the acute phase of this condition, there remains a pressing need for effective treatments that can facilitate the recovery of neurological functions. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), also known as the Decoction of Chinese Angelica and Peony, is a traditional Chinese herbal formula.

Immunological Landscape of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Insights into Resident and Peripheral Immune Cell Responses.

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a complex condition characterized by immune cell-mediated inflammation and consequent neuronal damage. This review delves into the immune response mechanisms in RIRI, particularly emphasizing the roles played by resident and peripheral immune cells. It highlights the pivotal role of microglia, the primary resident immune cells, in exacerbating neuroinflammation and neuronal damage through their activation and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory mediators.

Long term for patients with futile endovascular reperfusion after stroke.

Aims: With the progress of thrombectomy technology, the vascular recanalization rate of patients with stroke has been continuously improved, but the proportion of futile recanalization (FR) is still quite a few. The long-term prognosis and survival of patients with FR and its influencing factors remain unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients who received endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke were enrolled between 2013 and 2021 from a single-center prospectively registry study.

Night shift work was associated with functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of late night shift work on the functional outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

Methods: Consecutive AIS patients who underwent EVT between June 2019 and June 2021 were enrolled and divided into non-night shift work and night shift work groups based on their occupational histories. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale score defined 3-month functional outcome.

Hypoxic Conditioning: A Potential Perioperative Strategy to Reduce Abdominal Aortic Occlusion-Related Injury in Mouse Proximal and Distal Organs.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO)- induced injury on the kidney, lower limb muscles, heart, and brain in mice, and the potential protective effects of hypoxic postconditioning (HyC). The experimental design employed an abdominal aortic occlusion (AAO) model, and involved three groups of mice: sham, AAO, and AAO+HyC. Ten minutes after the AAO model, mice were subjected to hypoxic treatment lowering oxygen concentration to 5% within 45 minutes, and then returned to a normal oxygen environment.

Encephalitis is an Important Phenotype of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Diseases: A Single-Center Cohort Study.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is considered a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, but an increasing number of encephalitis cases associated with MOG antibodies have been reported recently.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study. All data for pediatric patients with MOGAD diagnosed at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 were collected.

Combination of Atractylenolide I, Atractylenolide III, and Paeoniflorin promotes angiogenesis and improves neurological recovery in a mouse model of ischemic Stroke.

Background: Prognosis is critically important in stroke cases, with angiogenesis playing a key role in determining outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of Atractylenolide I (Atr I), Atractylenolide III (Atr III), and Paeoniflorin (Pae) in promoting angiogenesis following cerebral ischemia.

Methods: The bEnd.

Remote ischemic conditioning reduces adverse events in patients with acute ischemic stroke complicating acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) complicating an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not uncommon, but can severely worsen the clinical prognosis. This study aimed to investigate whether remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) could provide clinical benefits to patients with AIS complicating AMI.

Methods: Subjects with AIS complicating AMI were recruited in this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial; assigned to the RIC and sham groups; and respectively underwent twice daily RIC and sham RIC for 2 weeks.

Predicting Futile Recanalization in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy: The Role of White Blood Cell Count to Mean Platelet Volume Ratio.

Background: Approximately half of AIS patients have an unfavorable outcome even after complete reperfusion. White blood cell (WBC) count to mean platelet volume (MPV) ratio (WMR) may be a promising predictive factor for futile recanalization. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of WMR in identifying individuals at higher risk of futile recanalization.