An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography.

In-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (IL-PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low-Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable.

[Correction of the projection center of rotation based on the sinogram using translation matching method].

The accurate position of the center of rotation (COR) is a key factor to ensure the quality of computed tomography (CT) reconstructed images. The classic cross-correlation matching algorithm can not satisfy the requirements of high-quality CT imaging when the projection angle is 0 and 180°, and thus needs to be improved and innovated. In this study, considering the symmetric characteristic of the 0° and flipped 180° projection data in sinogram, a novel COR correction algorithm based on the translation and match of the 0° and 180° projection data was proposed.

Oriented and Ordered Biomimetic Remineralization of the Surface of Demineralized Dental Enamel Using HAP@ACP Nanoparticles Guided by Glycine.

Achieving oriented and ordered remineralization on the surface of demineralized dental enamel, thereby restoring the satisfactory mechanical properties approaching those of sound enamel, is still a challenge for dentists. To mimic the natural biomineralization approach for enamel remineralization, the biological process of enamel development proteins, such as amelogenin, was simulated in this study. In this work, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) conjugated with alendronate (ALN) was applied to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to form CMC/ACP nanoparticles.

Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized dentine using scaffold of CMC/ACP nanocomplexes in an in vitro tooth model of deep caries.

Currently, it is still a tough task for dentists to remineralize dentine in deep caries. The aim of this study was to remineralize demineralized dentine in a tooth model of deep caries using nanocomplexes of carboxymethyl chitosan/amorphous calcium phosphate (CMC/ACP) based on mimicking the stabilizing effect of dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1) on ACP in the biomineralization of dentine. The experimental results indicate that CMC can stabilize ACP to form nanocomplexes of CMC/ACP, which is able to be processed into scaffolds by lyophilization.

Biomimetic remineralization of demineralized enamel with nano-complexes of phosphorylated chitosan and amorphous calcium phosphate.

Remineralization of enamel plays a crucial role in the progression of carious process and the management of early caries lesion. Based on the influence of phosphorylated proteins in biomineralization, the objective of this study was to synthesize nano-complexes of phosphorylated chitosan and amorphous calcium phosphate (Pchi-ACP), and evaluate their ability to remineralize enamel subsurface lesions in vitro. Pchi was synthesized using a previously established chemical method.

[Diffraction enhanced imaging of condylar cartilage of osteoarthritic rats].

Objective: To observe the images of early lesions of condylar cartilage of osteoarthritic rats in synchrotron radiation diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI).

Methods: The animal model of temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis was established in rat following the method of partial resection of the joint disc. The changes of osteoarthritic condylar cartilage in different pathological stages were observed by DEI and compared with those in situ histopathological sections.