Retraction Notice to "Application of Hydrogen Proton Magnetic Resonance Technology Combined with Brain Neurometabolite Analysis in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Caused by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" [World Neurosurgery 138 (2020), 654-662].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).

Artificial intelligence for healthcare and medical education: a systematic review.

Background: Human society has entered the age of artificial intelligence, medical practice and medical education are undergoing profound changes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now applied in many industries, particularly in healthcare and medical education, where it deeply intersects. The purpose of this paper is to overview the current situation and problems of "AI+medicine/medical" education and to provide our own perspective on the current predicament.

Effects of white matter lesion grading on the cognitive function of patients with chronic alcohol dependence.

Background: Alcohol dependence has become a major problem that poses a serious threat to public health. Long-term heavy alcohol consumption can lead to brain functional disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of the severity of cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs), serum neurofilament light (NfL) and inflammatory factors, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), with the cognitive function of patients with alcohol dependence.

Correlation between 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Variability and White Matter Lesions in Patients with Cerebral Small Vascular Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The goals of this study are to assess the correlation between 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) variability and white matter lesions (WML) in patients with cerebral small vascular disease (CSVD) and to provide guidance for the prevention of WML.

Methods: A total of 136 patients diagnosed with CSVD and essential hypertension were recruited and divided into two groups. The Fazekas scale was used to quantify the severity of WML.

Study on the Interaction between the Characteristics of Retinal Microangiopathy and Risk Factors for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease.

Objective: This study was designed to explore the characteristics of retinal microangiopathy in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and clarify its interaction with the risk factors for CSVD.

Methods: Sixty patients with CSVD and 15 healthy individuals were enrolled. Demographic data, risk factors, and medical history were recorded, and magnetic resonance imaging was performed to detect and analyze the characteristics of retinal microangiopathy in the two groups.

The Value of Brain Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined with APOE--4 Genotype in Early Diagnosis and Disease Progression of Senile Vascular Cognitive Impairment No Dementia.

Objective: To explore the value of brain structure magnetic resonance imaging combined with APOE-4 genotype in the early diagnosis and disease progression of elderly patients with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND).

Methods: The first stroke patients admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to December 2018 were collected, including 130 cases of vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND group) and 50 cases of the control group (NC group). The basic information of all subjects was recorded, and APOE-4 alleles of all subjects were detected.

Effect of transverse sinus variation on the clinical outcomes of atherosclerotic anterior circulation infarction.

Background: Hypoplasia of the transverse sinus (TS) is a common anatomical variation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TS variation (i.e.

Exosomal miRNA-223-3p as potential biomarkers in patients with cerebral small vessel disease cognitive impairment.

Background: Cerebrovascular disease is a common clinical illness. Many patients with cerebrovascular disease can be accompanied by cognitive impairment. The exosomal microRNA (miRNA)-223-3p is related to vascular endothelial injury, synaptic function, inflammatory response, and other mechanisms.

A narrative review of multimodal imaging of white matter lesions in type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To discuss the relevant studies about the structural and functional changes of the brain in patients with type-2 DM (T2DM) and white matter lesion (WML) in recent years, and to summarize them.

Background: T2DM is a common metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. This disease is closely related to central nervous system and vascular disease, and is considered a risk factor for white matter lesions in the brain.

The role of laparoscopic surgery in the surgical management of gallbladder carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Previous studies have explored the role of laparoscopic surgery (LS) in the surgical management of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and obtained satisfactory outcomes versus conventional open surgery. However, most of them either included a small number of patients or mainly focused on the early-staged lesions. Therefore, their results were less statistical powerful and a more comprehensive evaluation on the role of LS in GBC is warranted.

Is laparoscopic liver resection safe for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? A meta-analysis.

Background: The use of laparoscopic liver resection for curative surgery of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is not well established. Herein, we perform a meta-analysis to compare the differences between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for ICC.

Methods: Multiple electronic databases were searched and 8 relevant studies containing 552 patients treated by LLR and 2320 treated by OLR were identified.

Laparoscopic surgery for oncologic extended resection of T1b and T2 incidental gallbladder carcinoma at a high-volume center: a single-center experience in China.

Background: Surgical treatment is still the most effective treatment for gallbladder cancer. For the patients with stage T1b and above, the current guidelines recommend the extended radical operation, and oncologic extended resection can benefit the survival of the patients. The laparoscopic approach is still in the early phase, and its safety and oncological outcomes are not well known.

Association between plasma exosome neurogranin and brain structure in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a protocol study.

Introduction: Neurogranin is known to be significantly elevated in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and may be an effective clinical predictor of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is an intermediate disease state between normal cognitive ageing and dementia, the latter of which can easily revert to AD. There remains significant uncertainty regarding the conversion of aMCI to AD, and therefore, elucidating such progression is paramount to the field of cognitive neuroscience.

Schwannoma in the hepatoduodenal ligament with portal vein invasion: A case report.

Rationale: Schwannomas are mesenchymal tumors with low malignant potential that originate from Schwann cells. They can occur in most parts of the body, such as the head, neck, and extremities. Schwannoma in the hepatoduodenal ligament is extremely rare, and only four cases have been reported in the literature.

Imaging Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Damage in Patients with T2DM.

This paper uses resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-FMRI) to construct a whole-brain binary functional network through a complex brain network analysis theory based on graph theory to explore the functional network of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Changes in topological properties and their potential relationships with fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbAlc), and cognitive function scale, and further explore the diagnostic value of rs-FMRI technology for central nervous system damage in T2DM patients, for clinical diagnosis and treatment Provide objective radiological evidence. In the range of sparsity (Sp) of 0.

Application of Hydrogen Proton Magnetic Resonance Technology Combined with Brain Neurometabolite Analysis in the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment Caused by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

This study used hydrogen proton magnetic resonance imaging to detect the changes of white matter and the medial cortex in the prefrontal cortex of patients with type 2 diabetes, analyzed its relationship with cognitive function and blood glucose level, and discussed the recognition of patients with type 2 diabetes from the perspective of brain metabolism. We discuss the neural mechanisms affected by the disorder. The experiment recruited 65 volunteers, including 32 control subjects and 33 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Automated Brain MRI Volumetry Differentiates Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease From Normal Aging.

As an enrichment strategy supplemented by the diagnostic framework of subjective cognitive decline (SCD), SCD identifies features that may increase the likelihood of including future-Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. This study aimed to identify the shared and distinct atrophy patterns between patients specified by SCD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, a prodromal stage of AD) and to investigate the extent that automated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetry can differentiate patients with SCD from normal control (NC) participants and patients with aMCI. We acquired structural MRI brain scans from 44 patients with aMCI, 40 patients with SCD (who met the major criteria of SCD ), and 48 NC participants.

Extended Lymphadenectomy Versus Regional Lymphadenectomy in Resectable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of extended lymphadenectomy (E-LD) and regional lymphadenectomy (R-LD) on outcome after radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA).

Methods: Data of 290 patients who underwent radical resection of HCCA were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic characteristics, surgical variables, and tumor and LN characteristics were evaluated for association with survival.

Trajectories of the Hippocampal Subfields Atrophy in the Alzheimer's Disease: A Structural Imaging Study.

Background: The hippocampus and hippocampal subfields have been found to be diversely affected in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and early stages of Alzheimer's disease by neuroimaging studies. However, our knowledge is still lacking about the trajectories of the hippocampus and hippocampal subfields atrophy with the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

Objective: To identify which subfields of the hippocampus differ in the trajectories of Alzheimer's disease by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to determine whether individual differences on memory could be explained by structural volumes of hippocampal subfields.

Altered Whole-Brain Structural Covariance of the Hippocampal Subfields in Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients.

The hippocampus plays important roles in memory processing. However, the hippocampus is not a homogeneous structure, which consists of several subfields. The hippocampal subfields are differently affected by many neurodegenerative diseases, especially mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in relation to the poor functional outcomes in nondiabetic patients with ischemic stroke.

Whether insulin resistance (IR) predicts worse functional outcome in ischemic stroke is still a matter of debate. The aim of the present study is to determine the association between IR and risk of poor outcome in 173 Chinese nondiabetic patients with acute ischemic stroke. This is a prospective, population-based cohort study.

Prognostic Utility of Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Ischemic Stroke.

The role of fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) in atherosclerosis has been investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that higher levels of serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) could be a prognostic factor in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). From September 2015 to August 2016, consecutive first-ever AIS patients combined with T2DM were included in this study.