Control of rotavirus by sequential stress of disinfectants and gamma irradiation in leafy vegetable industry.

Rotavirus (RV) causes severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Fresh produce has been reported as a source of RV infection during production and harvesting, leading to foodborne illness. Cases of contamination from contact surfaces have also been reported.

Impact of storage temperature and ultraviolet irradiation on rotavirus survival on food matrices.

This study investigated the survival of human rotavirus (HRV) on fresh beef, chicken, and lettuce stored at various temperatures, as well as the effect of UV-C exposure on HRV viability on these food surfaces. At 20 °C, the survival rate of three HRV strains (WA, 89-12C2, and DS-1) on beef, chicken, and lettuce decreased within 3 days, with the most significant reduction observed on beef. When stored at 4 °C, a significant reduction in HRV viability was observed by day 7, with the greatest decrease observed on beef, followed by chicken and lettuce.

Comparative analysis of reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction for Aichivirus detection.

(AiV-A), a member of the genus of the family Picornaviridae, was first reported in stool samples of patients with non-bacterial gastroenteritis in Aichi Prefecture, Japan, in 1989. AiV has been reported from in various aquatic environments, such as surface water and sewage, can be transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated water. As AiV is known to acute gastroenteritis worldwide, developing methods for AiV detection from contaminated environments and food is required.

IL-28A/IL-10Rβ axis promotes angiogenesis via eNOS/AKT signaling and AP-1/NF-κB/MMP-2 network by regulating HSP70-1 expression.

Introduction: Angiogenesis plays a significant role in the development of tumor progression and inflammatory diseases. The role of IL-28A in angiogenesis and its precise regulatory mechanisms remain rarely elucidated.

Objectives: We report the novel regulatory role of IL-28A in physiological angiogenesis.

Cross-species transmission and histopathological variation in specific-pathogen-free minipigs infected with different hepatitis E virus strains.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. Pigs are the natural host of HEV genotype 3 and the main reservoir of HEV. As the host range of HEV genotype 3 expands, the possibility that HEV from various species can be transmitted to humans via pigs is increasing.

One Health approach for prioritization of potential foodborne pathogens: Risk-ranking, Delphi survey, and criteria evaluation pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Frequent foodborne illnesses with unknown causative agents highlight the need to explore zoonotic potential foodborne pathogens (PFPs). An effective PFP prioritization tool is indispensable, especially after experiencing the recent pandemic caused by zoonotic SARS-CoV-2. Risk information on pathogens (excluding 30 known foodborne pathogens) provided by governmental and international organizations was reviewed to generate a list of PFPs.

Disinfection efficiency of chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid against MNV-1 and HAV in simulated soil-rich wash water.

Wash water from fresh vegetables and root vegetables is an important vehicle for foodborne virus transmission. However, there is lack of assessing rapid viral inactivation strategies in wash water characterized by a high soil content at the post-harvest stage. Considering the significance of food safety during the washing stage for fresh and root vegetable produce prior to marketing, we assessed the inactivation efficacy by using chlorine dioxide (ClO) and peracetic acid (PAA) against a surrogate of human norovirus (murine norovirus 1, MNV-1) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), in wash water containing black soil and clay loam.

Cultivation-free sample preparation and DNA purification for direct real-time qPCR of intracellular or spore-like Coxiella burnetii in beef, goat, and lamb meat.

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that has been associated with foodborne outbreaks in products with ruminant origins. However, a method to detect C. burnetii in meat has been merely studied, and commercial kits cannot efficiently fulfill this purpose.

Piperlongumine induces apoptosis and autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in KB human cervical cancer cells.

Natural products are continuously being researched to develop safe and effective treatment options for cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer in women. Piperlongumine (PL), an amide alkaloid mainly present in long pepper, exhibits neuroprotective and anti-cancer properties. However, the specific effect of PL in cervical cancer and the relationship between the anti-cancer pathway and autophagy remain unclear.

Innovative nonthermal technologies for inactivation of emerging foodborne viruses.

Various foodborne viruses have been associated with human health during the last decade, causing gastroenteritis and a huge economic burden worldwide. Furthermore, the emergence of new variants of infectious viruses is growing continuously. Inactivation of foodborne viruses in the food industry is a formidable task because although viruses cannot grow in foods, they can survive in the food matrix during food processing and storage environments.

Simulation of contamination and elimination of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) from the washing process when handling of potatoes.

Root vegetables, which are in close contact with soil, are particularly vulnerable to soil contamination or decay as they can be contaminated from multiple sources, including primary production and processing. This study investigated effective washing conditions to reduce the microbial contamination of potatoes by using soaking and shaking in the washing process. The reduction of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1) in four washing processes (soaking only, shaking only, combined soaking-shaking I, and combined soaking-shaking I-shaking II) were compared.

sp. nov., a new member of the genus isolated from rhizospheric soil of a jujube tree.

A Gram-stain negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and creamy pink-coloured bacterium, designated MAHUQ-68, was isolated from rhizospheric soil of a jujube tree. Colonies grew at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 6.0-9.

siRNAs to Knockdown Antiviral Chemokine-related Genes in FRhK-4 Cells.

The objective of this study was to generate small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown antiviral chemokine-related genes in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK-4) cells. We generated siRNA duplexes to suppress antiviral chemokines like CXCL10 and CCL4 in FRhK-4 cells by downregulating interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and IRF7. Three siRNA duplexes (si-F-IRF3-1, si-F-IRF3-2, and si-F-IRF3-3) targeting IRF3, and one siRNA duplex (si-F-IRF7) targeting IRF7 were generated.

Quantitative Risk Assessment of Hepatitis a Virus Infection Arising from the Consumption of Fermented Clams in South Korea.

This study estimated the risk of hepatitis A virus (HAV) foodborne illness outbreaks through the consumption of fermented clams in South Korea. HAV prevalence in fermented clams was obtained from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Report, 2019. Fermented clam samples (2 g) were inoculated with HAV and stored at -20-25 °C.

Assessing the Removal Efficiency of Murine Norovirus 1, Hepatitis A Virus, and Human Coronavirus 229E on Dish Surfaces Through General Wash Program of Household Dishwasher.

The performance of dishwashers in removing live viruses is an important informative value in practical applications. Since foodborne viruses are present in contaminated food surfaces and water environments. Insufficient washing of dishes typically makes a carrier of foodborne viruses.

Combination of paper membrane-based filtration and ultrafiltration to enhance the detection of MNV, HAV, and HCoV from soil-rich post-washing water.

Risk-assessing and controlling virus transmission from soil-rich post-washing water (PWW) are crucial during harvesting raw vegetables. However, viruses are normally difficult to concentrate because of their low concentrations and complex backgrounds. Here, ultrafiltration (UF), virus adsorption-elution (VIRADEL), and optimized paper filtration-coupled ultrafiltration (PFC-UF) methods were employed to evaluate the recovery of non-enveloped murine norovirus (MNV-1), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and enveloped human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) from soil-rich PWW.

Viability of SARS-CoV-2 on lettuce, chicken, and salmon and its inactivation by peracetic acid, ethanol, and chlorine dioxide.

Since the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Wuhan, China, there has been continued concern over the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and food. However, there are few studies on the viability and removal of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating food. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of SARS-CoV-2 on food matrices, depending on storage temperature, and inactivate the virus contaminating food using disinfectants.

Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of human enteric emerging viruses in porcine stool samples in the Republic of Korea.

Emerging infectious diseases (EID) in humans and animals are proving to be a serious health concern. This study investigated the prevalence of emerging or re-emerging human enteric viruses in porcine stools and swabs. Eleven enteric EID viruses were selected as target viruses for the current study and ranked based on their impact on public health and food safety: enterovirus (EV), hepatitis E virus, norovirus GI and GII, sapovirus (SaV), adenovirus (AdV), astrovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus, aichivirus, and bocavirus.

Improvement of nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with high specificity and sensitivity detection of sapovirus in food matrix.

Sapovirus (SaV) is a causative agent of human gastroenteritis in both community outbreaks and sporadic cases worldwide. Shellfish accumulate a variety of pathogens during filter feeding. In particular, the contamination of shellfish by SaV has caused several outbreaks.

Stability and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on food contact surfaces.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 269 million people and killed more than 5.3 million people worldwide. Although fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been continuously reported, few studies have been conducted on food contact surfaces.

Chrysin Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Melanoma Cells via the mTOR/S6K Pathway.

Chrysin is known to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of chrysin in the human melanoma cells A375SM and A375P. The results obtained demonstrated successful inhibition of the viability of these cells by inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

Myricetin induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway and regulates JNK‑mediated autophagy in SK‑BR‑3 cells.

Myricetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables, is known to have antioxidant and anticancer effects. However, the anticancer effects of myricetin on SK‑BR‑3 human breast cancer cells have not been elucidated. In the present study, the anticancer effects of myricetin were confirmed in human breast cancer SK‑BR‑3 cells.