Cervico-cerebrovascular anomalies in children with PHACE syndrome.

Background: The acronym PHACE describes a rare neurocutaneous syndrome encompassing the following features: posterior fossa brain malformation, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, coarctation of aorta and cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities. This report describes the cervico-cerebrovascular anomalies (CCVA) in 7 patients with PHACE syndrome.

Methods: The medical records of 7 children (4 girls and 3 boys) with the diagnosis of PHACE syndrome who underwent cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging as well as complete cerebral angiography were retrospectively studied.

Endovascular treatment of the carotid artery rupture with massive hemorrhage.

Background: To assess the efficacy and safety of endovascular embolization in the treatment of the carotid artery rupture.

Methods: A series of 21 patients who had carotid artery rupture (CAR) with massive transoronasal or transcervical hemorrhage, all treated with endovascular embolization, were reviewed. There were 17 males and 4 females ranging in age from 21 to 79 years, with a mean of 47 years.

Radiological manifestations of cryptococcal infection in central nervous system.

Background: Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the most common infectious agents causing central nervous system (CNS) infections in immunocompromised patients. Patients with CNS cryptococcosis commonly present with non-specific manifestations such as headache, fever, seizure and conscious disturbance. This article presents the computerized tomography scans (CT) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) findings of cryptococcal infection in CNS and displays the image difference between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients.

Magnetic resonance imaging as a guide in the diagnosis and follow-up of spinal cord infarction.

Background: Spinal cord infarction (SCI) is a dynamic process; it can present wide-spectrum images simulating a variety of entities. The purpose of this study is to characterize the typical magnetic resonance (MR) findings and to describe evolutions and contrast-enhanced patterns of SCIs at different stages.

Methods: MR examinations of 15 patients (10 men and 5 women) with clinical diagnosis of SCIs were reviewed respectively.

Contrast enhancement patterns of acute spinal epidural hematomas: a report of two cases.

The MR finding of an acute spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) can mimic epidural neoplastic or inflammatory lesions, because acute SEH appears hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. We report on two cases of acute SEH with unusual contrast enhancement patterns on MR images. Contrast enhancement can be an MR finding of acute SEH, especially in bleeding diathesis, which indicates an active lesion that needs early diagnosis and management.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, is a rare disorder characterized by arteriovenous communications in visceral organs. The diagnosis of HHT consists of recurrent epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasis, visceral vascular lesion and familial occurrence. HHT can be definitely diagnosed with the presence of all these three criteria.

A rare giant intracranial osteochondroma.

Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone tumor. However, intracranial osteochondroma is very rare, which usually arises from the skull base. Origination from the dura and falx occurs only in sporadical cases.

Huge adenomatous hyperplasia of the liver.

Adenomatous hyperplasia (AH) of the liver is defined as a regenerative overgrowth with limited growth potential. Patients with AH of the liver usually have cirrhosis of the liver as well. Adenomatous hyperplasia is also described as a benign nodule more than 8 mm, which is the main differentiation between AH and regeneration nodules (which are less than 8 mm).