Prevalence of nail biting and its chronological relationship with tics in child and adolescent outpatients with Tourette syndrome: a single-centre, retrospective observational study.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of nail biting in child and adolescent outpatients at a single institution and the chronological relationship between nail biting and tics in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS) with or without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Setting: Teaching hospital in Taiwan.

The association between tic medication therapy and psychiatric comorbidities among patients with Tourette syndrome: A national population-based study in Taiwan.

Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) is often comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and depression. Medications are the main treatment for TS. Relationships between TS medication therapy and psychiatric comorbidities remain unclear.

Effectiveness of a modified comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics for children and adolescents with tourette's syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a modified four-session Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics programme for decreasing tics in children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome.

Background: Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics programme has been shown to decrease tic severity. However, the lack of behaviour therapists in countries, such as in Taiwan, may preclude application of the standard eight-session, 10-week programme.

Influenza-related postinfectious encephalomyelitis complicated by a perforated peptic ulcer.

Influenza virus infection is extremely common and raises global concern due to the increasing prevalence of pandemic H1N1 infection. Influenza may occasionally be associated with neurologic complications and, also, rarely with gastrointestinal complications. Here, we report a rare case complicated with appendicitis, duodenum perforation, and transient delirious behavior after influenza A viral infection in a pediatric patient aged 14 years.

Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in an adolescent with mental retardation and pica disorder.

Eosinophilic meningitis or encephalitis is a rare disorder and is most commonly caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Humans are accidentally infected when they ingest raw snails or vegetables contaminated with the parasite larvae. Because of the improvement in sanitary food handling practices, the occurrence of A.

Neurocutaneous melanosis with hydrocephalus: report of one case.

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare nonfamilial syndrome and characterized by large or numerous congenital melanocytic nevi and excessive proliferation of melanin-containing cells in the leptomeninges. It is believed to be an embryonic neuroectodermal dysplasia. Patients with NCM may develop severe hydrocephalus and other neurological symptoms with extremely poor prognosis.