Jujuboside A attenuates norepinephrine-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by modulating MAPK and AKT signaling pathways.

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of heart failure. Jujuboside A (JUA) is a type of saponin isolated from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that JUA possesses multiple biological effects, including antianxiety, antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory activities.