Spatiotemporal assessment of groundwater quality and quantity using geostatistical and ensemble artificial intelligence tools.

The study investigated the spatiotemporal relationship between surface hydrological variables and groundwater quality/quantity using geostatistical and AI tools. AI models were developed to estimate groundwater quality from ground-based measurements and remote sensing images, reducing reliance on laboratory testing. Different Kriging techniques were employed to map ground-based measurements and fill data gaps.

What drives the decrease of glacier surface albedo in High Mountain Asia in the past two decades?

Glacier surface albedo is an important factor affecting glacier ablation, and a positive feedback mechanism has been observed between the surface albedo and mass balance of glaciers. It is important to understand the driving factors and mechanisms of glacier albedo changes (GAC). Based on the MODIS (Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer)-derived MOD10A1 and MYD10A1 albedo products, the glacier albedo trends in each MODIS grid cell during each melt season in High-Mountains Asia (HMA) from 2000 to 2020 were calculated.

What caused the spatial heterogeneity of lake ice phenology changes on the Tibetan Plateau?

As the Third Pole of the Earth, the Tibetan Plateau has numerous lakes with seasonal ice cover. The ice phenology of these lakes has undergone remarkable changes in recent years. We obtained the ice phenology records for 71 lakes for the period of 2001 to 2020 and found overall later trends for both freeze-up and break-up dates.

Monitoring ice variations in Qinghai Lake from 1979 to 2016 using passive microwave remote sensing data.

Lake ice is a sensitive indicator of climate change. Based on the disparities between the brightness temperatures of lake ice and water, passive microwave data can be used to monitor the ice variations of a lake. With focus on the analysis of long time series variability of lake ice, this study extracts four characteristic dates related to lake ice (the annual freeze start, freeze completion, ablation start and ablation completion dates) for Qinghai Lake from 1979 to 2016 using Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) passive microwave brightness temperature data.