Mediator Med23 Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

Mammalian Mediator (Med) is a key regulator of gene expression by linking transcription factors to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription machineries. The Mediator subunit 23 (Med23) is a member of the conserved Med protein complex and plays essential roles in diverse biological processes including adipogenesis, carcinogenesis, osteoblast differentiation, and T-cell activation. However, its potential functions in the nervous system remain unknown.

Expression of DCX and Transcription Factor Profiling in Photothrombosis-Induced Focal Ischemia in Mice.

Adult neurogenesis is present in the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone in mammalian brain under physiological conditions. Recently, adult neurogenesis has also been reported in other brain regions after brain injury. In this study, we established a focal striatal ischemic model in adult mice via photothrombosis (PT) and investigated how focal ischemia elicits neurogenesis in the striatum.

Expression of transcription factor Satb2 in adult mouse brain.

Previous investigations on the expression and function of special AT-rich sequence binding protein 2 (Satb2) are largely limited to the cerebral cortex. Here, we explore the expression of Satb2 thoroughly by immunohistochemistry in the adult mouse central nervous system (CNS). Besides the cerebral cortex, we found that Satb2 is specifically expressed in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, horizontal limb of the diagonal band, lateral hypothalamic area, arcuate nucleus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, ventral tegmental nucleus, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, rostral periolivary region, and parabrachial nucleus.

[Polysomnographic findings and clinical presentation of adult men with obstructive sleep apnea].

Aim: To determine the age-related differences in the polysomnography (PSG) and clinical presentation of Chinese male adult subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and attempt to identify the age-specific effects on the severity of sleep apnea.

Methods: This retrospective study included a cohort of 836 Chinese male a-dult subjects, who were diagnosed with OSA by the initial overnight PSG and recruited from the clinic population. The eligible subjects were classified into three different age groups: 312 young (mean 37.

Expression of the LIM-homeodomain gene Lmx1a in the postnatal mouse central nervous system.

The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Lmx1a plays critical roles in roof plate formation as well as in the cell fate determination of midbrain dopaminergic neurons during embryonic development, but its function in the adult brain remains unknown. In the present study, as the first step in exploring its function in adult brain, we examined the expression of Lmx1a in the mouse central nervous system (CNS) from birth to adulthood by in situ hybridization. Lmx1a was expressed at high levels in the posterior hypothalamic area, supremammillary nucleus, ventral premammillary nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, ventral tegmental area, compact part of the substantia nigra and parabrachial nucleus from birth to adulthood, and co-localized with its paralogue Lmx1b in these regions.

Expression of the transcription factor GATA3 in the postnatal mouse central nervous system.

GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) is an important regulator of central nervous system (CNS) development, but its expression pattern in the postnatal CNS has not been studied. In the present study, we examined the distribution of GATA3 mRNA in the mouse CNS at different postnatal stages by in situ hybridization. During the first 2 weeks of postnatal development, numerous GATA3-expressing cells were found in the intergeniculate leaf, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nucleus, nucleus of the posterior commissure, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, periaqueductal grey, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei.

Ultrastructure of junction areas between neurons and astrocytes in rat supraoptic nuclei.

Aim: To determine the ultrastructure of junction areas between neurons and astrocytes of supraoptic nuclei in rats orally administered 30 g/L NaCl solution for 5 days.

Methods: The anti-connexin (CX) 43 and anti-CX32 double immunoelectromicroscopic labeled method, and anti-Fos or anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry were used to detect changes in the junctional area between neurons and astrocytes in supraoptic nuclei of 5 rats after 30 g/L NaCL solution was given for 5days.

Results: A heterotypic connexin32/connexin43 gap junction (HGJ) between neurons and astrocytes (AS) in rat supraoptic nuclei was observed, which was characterized by the thickening and dark staining of cytomembranes with a narrow cleft between them.

Two major distinct subpopulations of neurokinin-3 receptor-expressing neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord.

This study was designed to provide evidence for elucidating the mechanisms of neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3) in spinal pain modulation. First, colocalization of NK3 with the micro -opioid receptor (MOR1) was studied in the spinal dorsal horn of the rat. Confocal microscopy showed that about 44% of NK3-expressing neurons in laminae I and II were immunoreactive for MOR1, which corresponded to about 93% of the total population of MOR1-containing neurons in these laminae.