Extraction of tiger nut oil using ultrasound-assisted immiscible binary solvents and its effect on the quality of extracted oil and starch.

Tiger nuts are rich in both oil and starch. In this paper, an immiscible binary solvent consisted of water and hexane was used to separate oil and starch from tiger nut with the assistance of ultrasound. The effects of various factors including ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, extraction temperature, water-hexane ratio and solid-liquid ratio on the oil yield were examined.

Gastrointestinal organs and organoids-on-a-chip: advances and translation into the clinics.

Microfluidic organs and organoids-on-a-chip models of human gastrointestinal systems have been established to recreate adequate microenvironments to study physiology and pathophysiology. In the effort to find more emulating systems and less costly models for drugs screening or fundamental studies, gastrointestinal system organoids-on-a-chip have arisen as promising pre-clinicalmodel. This progress has been built on the latest developments of several technologies such as bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoid research.

Microphysiological systems to study colorectal cancer: state-of-the-art.

Basic pre-clinical research based on 2D cultures have been very valuable in colorectal cancer (CRC) research but still have failed to improve patient prognostic outcomes. This is because they simply do not replicate what happens2D cultured cells system cannot replicate the diffusion constraints usually found in the body. Importantly, they also do not mimic the dimensionality of the human body and of a CRC tumour (3D).

Retrospective analysis of risk factors for distant metastasis of early-onset gastric cancer during the perioperative period.

Background: Although the overall global incidence of gastric cancer has been declining, the number of new cases in people under the age of 50 is increasing, which is related to metastasis, late pathological stages, and poor prognosis. There is a scarcity of large-scale studies to evaluate and predict distant metastasis in patients with early-onset gastric cancer.

Methods: From January 2010 to December 2019, data on early-onset GC patients undergoing surgery were gathered from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.

A DFX-based iron nanochelator for cancer therapy.

Iron as an essential element, is involved in various cellular functions and maintaining cell viability, cancer cell is more dependent on iron than normal cell due to its chief characteristic of hyper-proliferation. Despite that some of the iron chelators exhibited potent and broad antitumor activity, severe systemic toxicities have limited their clinical application. Polyaminoacids, as both drug-delivery platform and therapeutic agents, have attracted great interests owing to their different medical applications and biocompatibility.

Complex in vitro 3D models of digestive system tumors to advance precision medicine and drug testing: Progress, challenges, and trends.

Digestive system cancers account for nearly half of all cancers around the world and have a high mortality rate. Cell culture and animal models represent cornerstones of digestive cancer research. However, their ability to enable cancer precision medicine is limited.

Targeting NAD metabolism regulates extracellular adenosine levels to improve the cytotoxicity of CD8+ effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer.

Purpose: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is closely related to the pathogenesis of tumors. However, the effect of NAD+ metabolism of gastric cancer (GC) cells on immune cells remains unexplained. We targeted nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ synthesis salvage pathway, to observe its effect in the immune microenvironment.

The Prognostic Effect of Multidisciplinary Team Intervention in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer.

Background: The effect of multidisciplinary team intervention (MDT) on the prognosis of advanced gastric cancer (GC) is still controversial. This study aims to analyze the effect of MDTs on the overall survival time of advanced gastric cancer patients.

Methods: Patients with advanced GC who underwent surgical treatment between 2007 and 2014 were included in the study.

Characterizing the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Arma custos and Picromerus lewisi (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Asopinae) and Conducting Phylogenetic Analysis.

We characterized the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) and conducted phylogenetic analyses of 48 Hemiptera species by sequencing and analyzing the mitogenome of Arma custos (Fabricius) and Picromerus lewisi (Scott). The complete mitogenomes of the two predators were 16,024 bp and 19,587 bp in length, respectively, and it contained 37 classical genes, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and a control region. Most PCGs in these predators use ATN as the start codon.

CircRTN4 promotes pancreatic cancer progression through a novel CircRNA-miRNA-lncRNA pathway and stabilizing epithelial-mesenchymal transition protein.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in many biological processes. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the critical roles of circRNAs in cancer remains largely unexplored. We aim to explore the molecular mechanisms of circRTN4 with critical roles in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Ailanthus Altissima-derived Ailanthone enhances Gastric Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Inducing the Repression of Base Excision Repair by Downregulating p23 Expression.

Chemotherapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of GC, but currently available chemotherapeutic drugs are not ideal. The application of medicinal plants is an important direction for new drug discovery. Through drug screening of GC organoids, we determined that ailanthone has an anticancer effect on GC cells and .

METTL16 promotes cell proliferation by up-regulating cyclin D1 expression in gastric cancer.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a well-known modification of RNA. However, as a key m6A methyltransferase, METTL16 has not been thoroughly studied in gastric cancer (GC). Here, the biological role of METTL16 in GC and its underlying mechanism was studied.

Mechanism and Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Against Obesity: Prevention and Treatment Strategies.

In the last few decades, the incidences of obesity and related metabolic disorders worldwide have increased dramatically. Major pathophysiology of obesity is termed "lipotoxicity" in modern western medicine (MWM) or "dampness-heat" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). "Dampness-heat" is a very common and critically important syndrome to guild clinical treatment in TCM.

Body composition and risk of gastric cancer: A population-based prospective cohort study.

The recognition of adiposity as a risk factor for gastric cancer is mainly based on traditional anthropometric indices, such as body mass index, which are unable to discriminate between lean and fat mass. We undertook this study to examine body composition and subsequent risk of gastric cancer. This is a prospective analysis of participants free of cancer from the UK Biobank.

The prognostic roles of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in gastrointestinal stromal tumours: a meta-analysis.

Background: The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) have been found to be associated with prognosis in several solid tumours. However, the prognostic roles of PLR and NLR in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) remain controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the prognostic roles of PLR and NLR in GISTs.

Two new species of the genus Matsumura, 1914 from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae).

Two new species of Matsumura, 1914 (Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae), Zhi & Chen, and Zhi & Chen, , are described from Yunnan Province, China. The genus is reviewed and a key to all known species is provided. The females of four Chinese species are described for the first time.

FYN promotes gastric cancer metastasis by activating STAT3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Gastric cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. FYN, a gene that is differentially expressed in gastric cancer, is considered a critical metastasis regulator in several solid tumors, but its role in gastric cancer is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the role of FYN and test whether FYN promotes migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo via STAT3 signaling.

The Anti-Tumor Effect of Nab-Paclitaxel Proven by Patient-Derived Organoids.

Background: Nab-paclitaxel has been widely used in treating breast cancer and pancreatic patients for its low toxicity and high efficiency. However, its role in gastric cancer (GC) remains ambiguous. The aim of our study was to test the anti-tumor activity of nab-paclitaxel using GC patient-derived organoids.

Immune-infiltration based signature as a novel prognostic biomarker in gastrointestinal stromal tumour.

Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are the primary determinant of survival outcomes in various tumours. Thus, we sought to investigate the TIL distribution and density in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) and to develop an immune infiltration (II)-based signature to predict prognosis.

Methods: The expression of 8 immune features in the tumour centre (TC) and tumour margin (TM) and PD-L1 in 435 GIST patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry.

Molecular mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and potential treatment strategies.

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population is estimated at 25 %, and there is currently no effective treatment of NAFLD. Although insulin resistance (IR) is not the only factor causing the pathogenesis of NAFLD, hepatic IR has a cause-effective relationship with NAFLD. Improving hepatic IR is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD.

Gegen Qinlian Decoction abates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated liver injuries via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response involved inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways.

Gegen Qilian Decoction (GGQLD) is a well-established classic Chinese medicine prescription in treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanism of GGQLD action on NASH is still not clear. This study aimed to assess the anti-NASH effect of GGQLD, and to explore its molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro.

Predictive ability of prognostic nutritional index in surgically resected gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Recent findings have shown that inflammation indices are associated with prognosis in various malignancies. However, the usefulness of inflammation indices including platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) remains controversial.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 340 primary localized GIST patients who had received surgical resection between 2005 and 2015 to investigate the effect of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index on prognosis.

The anti-diabetic activities, gut microbiota composition, the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria-coptis herb couple against insulin resistance-model of diabetes involving the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Scutellaria-coptis herb couple (SC) is one of the well-known herb couples in many traditional Chinese compound formulas used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), which has been used to treat DM for thousands of years in China.

Aim Of The Study: Few studies have confirmed in detail the anti-diabetic activities of SC in vivo and in vitro. The present investigations aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of SC in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice and in RAW264.

[Measurement of Soot Yield from the Pyrolysis of Toluene at High Temperatures by Laser Extinction Method].

The measurement system for the detection of soot production as high-temperature pyrolysis of hydrocarbon fuels behind the reflected shock wave was established. By using the laser extinction method, the soot yields of toluene/argon mixtures were measured at high temperatures. The mole fractions of toluene were 0.