Neuroimaging for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: a Review.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects people above the age of 60 all around the world. As of now, the cause is unknown and there is no effective cure. The pathological changes of AD have occurred many years before the onset of the disease, and current treatment techniques can only delay the progression of the disease.

Grey matter alterations in generalized anxiety disorder: A voxel-wise meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies.

Objective: Grey matter, a crucial component of the brain, has been found altered in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) of several voxel-based morphometry studies. The conclusive and consistent grey matter alterations in GAD have not been confirmed.

Method: Eleven voxel-based morphometry studies of GAD patients were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis.

Monorail snare technique for retrieval of stretched coil.

Coil stretching is a recognized complication during cerebral aneurysm embolization. For over a decade, the microsnare has proven effective in retrieving migrated coils. Fiorella et al.

Radiographical presentations of inadvertent subdural placement of an epidural catheter for successful labor analgesia: A case report.

Rationale: Lumbar epidural analgesia is the gold standard for labor pain control. However, misplacement of epidural catheters into the subdural space may inadvertently happen. Unrecognized subdural administration of local anesthetics could result in serious consequences, including high spinal and brainstem blocks.

Coil embolization of distal vascular lesion using a 1.5 Fr Marathon microcatheter and 'free-running' technique.

In distal vascular lesions, such as the distal anterior inferior cerebellar artery or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) dissecting aneurysm, and dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) and arteriovenous malformation (AVM), super-selective catheterization and embolization using liquid agents, such as NBCA or Onyx liquid embolic system, is the preferred treatment.1 2 We used a flow-directed 1.5 Fr Marathon microcatheter (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) for embolization because commonly used detachable coil-compatible microcatheters can be too short or rigid for superselection.

Treatment, Outcome, and Relapse of Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak can be spontaneous or nonspontaneous. The management options include conservative treatments, blood patch, and surgical repairs. We compared clinical symptoms, image findings, management options, hospitalization, and relapse rates among different causes of CSF leaks.

Transvenous embolization of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula through the pterygoid plexus approach.

We present a transvenous embolization technique for a direct carotid-cavernous fistula through the pterygoid plexus to the cavernous sinus which only 2 cases have been previously reported in the English literature. This method is appropriate when transarterial techniques or other attempts at transvenous access have failed due to vessel tortuosity, hypoplasia, stenosis, or occlusion. A middle-aged female patient presented with progressive left exophthalmos with conjunctiva chemosis and bruit after sustaining a falling injury.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease: A case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) stems from the development of a rare benign lesion of uncertain pathogenesis that distorts the normal cerebellar laminar cytoarchitecture. We explored the lesion's appearance on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with susceptibility-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, or arterial spin labeling. Although many cases of LDD have been previously reported in the literature, the radiologic-pathologic correlation has been described in only a few of these cases.

Quantitative flow measurement after placing a flow diverter for a distal internal carotid artery aneurysm.

Objectives: To evaluate the differences in arterial flow after flow diverter placement using quantitative flow measurements based on digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Methods: Between November 2013 and November 2015, all patients who had flow diverters placed for distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms were reviewed. Patients in whom the stent was placed across the ostia of the ophthalmic artery (OphA) and anterior choroidal artery (AChA) were enrolled.

Spinal intraosseous epidural arteriovenous fistula with perimedullary drainage obliterated with Onyx embolization: case report.

The authors report an extremely rare case of spinal intraosseous epidural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with perimedullary vein reflux causing symptoms of myelopathy. The intraosseous fistula tracts were completely obliterated with Onyx embolic agent, resulting in a total resolution of symptoms. The unique features of this case include the rare location of the fistula in the vertebral body and the association of the fistula with a compressive fracture.

Acute spontaneous subdural hematoma caused by skull metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma: case report.

Background: Skull and intracranial metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have seldom been reported. A skull metastasis of HCC with a tumor bleeding resulting in spontaneous subdural hematoma (SDH) is extremely unusual. We report the first case of acute spontaneous SDH in a 69-year-old woman who presented with acute onset of headache, because of tumor bleeding caused by skull metastasis of HCC.

Complex coil assisted single coil embolization for small intracranial aneurysm.

The purpose of the technical note is to introduce the complex coil assisted coil embolization method in the treatment of intracranial small aneurysm, in order to enhance the safety of the procedure. The first microcatheter was navigated into the aneurysm sac and the ultrasoft coil was used as the embolization coil. If the embolizations coil could not stay within the aneurysm sac smoothly, such as coil herniation into parent artery during the delivery process.

Iatrogenic and fatal arterial air embolism during the CT scan.

Systemic and fatal arterial air embolism during the computed tomography (CT) scan is rarely reported in English-based literature. Iatrogenic air embolism happening during the CT scan is often related to the injector, usually venous air embolism and asymptomatic. We report one fatal and extensive systemic arterial air embolism because of one error that happened during a brain CT scan.

Preoperative embolization of carotid body tumor by direct percutaneous intratumoral injection of N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue assisted with balloon protection technique.

Substantial intraoperative bleeding during surgical removal of carotid body tumor may be a major problem in the management of these highly vascularized tumors. Traditional preoperative embolization via a transarterial access has proved effective but is often limited by complex vascular anatomy and small feeding vessels that is difficult to catheterize. We report two cases of carotid body tumor treated with direct puncture and intratumoral injection of N-butyl cyanoacrylate glue (NBCA) assisted with balloon protection technique for preoperative devascularization.

"Waffle cone"technique for intra/extra-aneurysmal stent placement for the treatment of complex and wide-necked bifurcation aneurysm.

Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms by coiling has become an accepted alternative to surgical clipping (1). In cases of wide-necked and sidewall aneurysms, selective embolization is difficult because of the risk of coil protrusion into the parent vessel. The use of three-dimensional coils, stents (2), and balloon remodeling have all aided the attempt to adequately manage such lesions.

Percutaneous direct puncture embolization for superficial craniofacial arteriovenous malformation.

Endovascular embolization for craniofacial arteriovenous malformation has been used as preoperative adjuvant devascularization or as definitive therapy. However, because the vascular network is complex, embolization via arterial access may be ineffective, risky, incomplete or technically difficult. The purpose of this report is to describe our experience of percutaneous direct venous pouch puncture embolization.

Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma: computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Background: Primary nasal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma is the most common cellular subtype seen in nasal lymphomas. It is rare in the Western population but occurs more frequently in Asia, South America, and Mexico. The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of primary nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma.