Publications by authors named "Chang-Hoon Han"
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to evaluate how a deep learning computer-aided detection (DL-CAD) and an electronic notification system (ENS) impacted the time it takes to treat patients suspected of having pneumothorax (PTX) in a real clinical setting.
- After implementing the DL-CAD-ENS in May 2022 at a large hospital, researchers compared treatment times between two groups: one using both DL-CAD and ENS, and another using only DL-CAD, analyzing data from January 2018 to April 2023.
- Results showed a significant decrease in time to provide oxygen therapy for the group using DL-CAD-ENS compared to the CAD-only group, but no significant changes in treatment times for other interventions
Association of the COVID-19 lockdown with health risk behaviors in South Korean adolescents.
Medicine (Baltimore)
May 2024
Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed health risk behavior changes in South Korean adolescents (ages 12-18) using data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, comparing pre-pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic periods.* -
- Findings indicated significant decreases in behaviors such as alcohol consumption, substance use, sexual experiences, and instances of violence, as well as lower levels of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation during the pandemic.* -
- The research suggests that the pandemic led to a notable reduction in various health risk behaviors among adolescents, highlighting a potential positive outcome of the lockdown measures.*
Background: In 2021, South Korea had the highest incidence rate (49 per 100 000 population) and the third highest mortality rate (3.8 per 100 000 population) due to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. Notably, premature interruption of TB treatment interferes with TB control efforts.
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- A study analyzed the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found that ICIs can significantly improve survival rates and reduce the risk of disease progression.
- The research involved a large population of patients who received palliative chemotherapy from 2013 to 2020, revealing that ICI-treated patients had a lower adjusted hazard ratio for death compared to those not receiving ICIs.
- Despite the improved clinical outcomes with ICIs, the study noted an increase in medical expenses per patient, highlighting the need for further research to determine which patients would benefit most from ICI treatments.
Association between COVID-19 lockdown and sleep behaviors in Korean adolescents.
Medicine (Baltimore)
May 2023
Article Synopsis
- A study analyzed sleep behavior changes among Korean adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using data from over 98,000 participants aged 12 to 18.
- Findings showed that during the pandemic, adolescents had later weekend bedtimes and wake times, along with a significant reduction in average sleep duration.
- Additionally, the pandemic correlated with an increase in late chronotype and long weekend catch-up sleep, indicating a shift towards a preference for staying up late and sleeping in.
Article Synopsis
- The RALE score effectively quantifies lung edema and serves as a promising prognostic marker for mortality in children suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
- Among 296 children studied, the RALE score demonstrated strong reliability and was correlated with other indicators of ARDS severity, indicating its potential as a useful tool in clinical settings.
- The study found that a higher RALE score is linked to increased ARDS-specific mortality, allowing clinicians to make better-informed decisions regarding treatment and fluid management for affected children.
Article Synopsis
- Cudrania tricuspidata and Sargassum fusiforme were studied for their effects on hair growth in mice, revealing significant improvements in hair growth rates and follicle lengths when these extracts were applied or ingested.
- The study found that C. tricuspidata primarily upregulated hair growth-related genes, while both extracts influenced several key growth factors linked to the hair growth cycle.
- These findings suggest that these plant extracts could be potential treatments for alopecia, a condition characterized by hair loss.
Background: Bronchiectasis is associated with an increased incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCaVD) and atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease (ASCeVD). Its effect on associated mortality is unclear.
Objectives: This study investigated the effects of bronchiectasis exacerbation prior to ASCaVD or ASCeVD events on mortality in patients with bronchiectasis using a large population-based database.
Article Synopsis
- This study investigates how hesperidin (HES) affects diabetes management by analyzing gene expression in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.
- It was found that HES treatment improved glucose uptake, decreased blood glucose and insulin levels, and enhanced both glucose and insulin tolerance to normal levels.
- Additionally, RNA sequencing revealed that HES restored the expression of key genes involved in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism, contributing to its potential anti-diabetic properties.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined how particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) in Seoul, South Korea, affected hospitalization rates for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from 2006 to 2016.
- Using advanced statistical methods, researchers found that higher levels of both PM types were linked to increased hospitalizations, especially for certain groups like males and preschool children with asthma, as well as older adults with COPD.
- The findings suggested that PM2.5 might have a stronger impact on respiratory illnesses compared to PM10, with variations in effects noted based on age and sex of the patients.
Article Synopsis
- Broccoli leaves, a byproduct of broccoli, may serve as a food source and have potential antiviral properties against the influenza A virus (IAV).
- A study found that ethanol extracts of broccoli leaves (EBL) significantly reduced IAV infection in lab cells by decreasing the expression of viral proteins through various methods like fluorescence microscopy and sorting.
- EBL also hindered IAV's ability to attach to cells and exhibited strong effects against viral spread, suggesting it could be a natural source of protection against influenza infection.
STROBE: The relationship between asthma and early menarche in Korean adolescents.
Medicine (Baltimore)
May 2022
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the link between asthma and early menarche in Korean adolescents using data from a web-based survey conducted from 2006 to 2015.
- Findings revealed that girls who experienced early menarche (before age 12) had a higher asthma prevalence (8.1%) compared to those who had menarche later (7.4%).
- Additionally, girls with early menarche were more likely to miss school due to asthma, with a notable increase in absences of 4 or more days per year.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effects of a water extract commonly used in herbal medicine on rat stomach tissue, focusing on cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (Caspase-3) due to induced squamous cell hyperplasia.
- Rats were treated with varying doses of the extract, with significant hyperplasia observed at the highest dose of 3,000 mg/kg, but this condition fully resolved after a 4-week recovery period.
- While Caspase-3 levels rose significantly in the high-dose group, Ki-67 expression remained similar across all groups, leading to the conclusion that the induced squamous cell hyperplasia is a non-adverse effect and not an abnormal growth response in rats.
Article Synopsis
- Flavonoids, natural compounds found in citrus fruits, have shown promise in reducing fat cell formation (anti-adipogenic effects), although the exact mechanisms remain unclear.
- This study focused on five main citrus flavonoids (hesperidin, narirutin, nobiletin, sinensetin, and tangeretin) to examine their impact on AMPK activation in liver cells treated with palmitate.
- Results indicated that these flavonoids decreased fat accumulation, increased glucose uptake, and activated key proteins involved in fat metabolism, suggesting they could be effective activators of AMPK, which may help reduce fat buildup in cells.
Article Synopsis
- - Research indicates that exposure to various air pollutants, particularly particulate matter (PM) and sulfur dioxide (SO), increases the risk of hospitalization for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- - Analysis was conducted using health data from South Korea, revealing that higher concentrations of pollutants correlate with heightened admission rates for breathing-related illnesses, especially in older adults and women.
- - The study concludes that patients with asthma and COPD should be aware of air quality, particularly sulfur dioxide levels, and limit outdoor activities during high pollution periods to reduce hospitalization risks.
Article Synopsis
- Naringin and naringenin, flavonoids from citrus fruits, have potential anti-diabetic effects, but their mechanisms are not fully understood.
- This study focused on how these compounds affect glucose uptake through AMPK phosphorylation in HepG2 cells treated with high glucose.
- Results showed that both naringin and naringenin boost glucose uptake by promoting AMPK activation and GSK3β phosphorylation, regardless of insulin presence, with naringin having a particularly strong binding affinity to AMPK.
Article Synopsis
- A study investigated the relationship between inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) use and the risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.
- The research analyzed data from nearly 45,000 individuals who were tested for COVID-19, out of which only 2.1% tested positive, and approximately 15.6% had used ICS prior to testing.
- The findings revealed no significant association between ICS use and increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of the type or dosage of corticosteroid used.
Article Synopsis
- A new tool was created to help healthcare professionals quickly assess the prognosis of COVID-19 patients using data from a study of 5,596 patients, which was then validated with an additional cohort of 445 patients.
- The model identifies key predictors such as age, sex, and specific symptoms, with an impressive accuracy rate (AUC values of 0.850 and 0.833) for determining the need for oxygen therapy and critical care.
- The tool outperformed existing protocols in Korea, and an online application is available for calculating prognostic scores while ongoing validation updates are provided.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on developing improved event prediction models for intensive care units, addressing issues like temporal skewness in data from electronic medical records and the potential for errors and delays in input.
- Researchers analyzed data from 21,738 patients to predict three critical events: death, sepsis, and acute kidney injury, using multiple models designed to enhance prediction accuracy and robustness against errors.
- Results indicated that the new models generally outperformed traditional methods, showing better accuracy, especially under conditions of simulated input errors, while maintaining performance even with delayed information.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigated the anti-obesity effects of sulforaphane (SFN) and glucoraphanin (GRN) found in broccoli leaf extract (BLE) on fat cells (3T3-L1 adipocytes) and genetically modified obese mice (ob/ob).
- Findings showed that SFN and BLE significantly decreased fat storage and triglyceride levels in both the cells and the mice.
- Additionally, treatment with SFN and BLE improved lipid metabolism by altering the expression of several key genes and reducing fat-related blood markers, indicating a potential therapeutic role against obesity.
Article Synopsis
- * Methods included measuring lipid accumulation, triglyceride content, glucose uptake, and analyzing gene expression changes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with these flavonoids.
- * Findings suggested that both compounds significantly reduce lipid accumulation and alter the expression of key genes in lipid metabolism, indicating their potential as anti-obesity agents.
Article Synopsis
- Depression is a common issue for people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), but its health impacts are not well understood.
- A study involving over 10,000 Korean adults revealed that those with COPD reported higher rates of depression and had a greater likelihood of needing multiple doctor visits and hospital admissions.
- Specifically, having both COPD and depression significantly increased the chance of frequent hospital admissions, highlighting the need for better management of mental health in these patients.
Article Synopsis
- A study assessed the link between smoking and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection using a large nationwide database from South Korea, including 4,167 infected patients and 20,937 matched controls.
- The results indicated that smoking was not associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with current and ex-smokers showing even lower odds of infection compared to non-smokers.
- The findings suggest that smoking might lower the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, but caution is advised, and further research is needed to confirm these results.*