Involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor epsilon1 and epsilon4 subunits in tonic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play an important role in nociceptive transmissions in various types of pain. In this study, we investigated the pain-related response in mice lacking the N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor epsilon1 or epsilon4 subunit in the formalin test and in the partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced neuropathic pain model. The second tonic inflammatory phase response in the formalin test was significantly reduced in glutamate receptor epsilon1 knockout epsilon1(-/-) mice, but not in glutamate receptor epsilon4(-/-) when compared with wild-type mice.

CJ-21,164, a new D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase inhibitor produced by a fungus Chloridium sp.

A new D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase (G6Pase) inhibitor, CJ-21,164 (1) was isolated from the fermentation broth of the fungus Chloridium sp. CL48903. The structure was elucidated to be a novel tetramer of the salicylic acid derivatives by spectroscopic analyses.

CJ-21,058, a new SecA inhibitor isolated from a fungus.

A new equisetin derivative, CJ-21,058 (I) was isolated from the fermentation broth of an unidentified fungus CL47745. It shows antibacterial activity against Gram-positive multi-drug resistant bacteria by inhibiting ATP-dependent translocation of precursor proteins across a bacterial cell membrane.