Therapeutic effects and modulatory mechanism of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus in chronic intermittent hypoxia induced enuresis in rats.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus (AOF) on a rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-induced enuresis. Findings of this study may help identify therapeutic targets in children with nocturnal enuresis (NE).

Methods: Female rats were randomly divided into a control group (saline gavage, 4 weeks of normal air), CIH group (saline gavage, 4 weeks of CIH), and AOF group (AOF gavage, 4 weeks of CIH).

Current perspectives on the correlation of nocturnal enuresis with obstructive sleep apnea in children.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal enuresis (NE) are common clinical problems in children. OSA and NE are thought to be interrelated, but the exact pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet clear. This review aims to explain the possible pathogenesis of NE in children with OSA.

TNF-α increases Staphylococcus aureus-induced death of human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 associated with RIP3-mediated necroptosis.

Aim: To explore the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on Staphylococcus aureus-induced necroptosis in alveolar epithelial cells.

Main Methods: The A549 alveolar epithelial cell line was pretreated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against receptor interacting protein-3 (RIP3) and then stimulated by S. aureus, where some cells were pretreated with TNF-α or TNF-α with anti-TNF-α antibody simultaneously.

[Benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis: a clinical analysis and follow-up study].

Objective: To study the clinical features and prognosis of benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis (BICE).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 436 children with BICE, and among these children, 206 were followed up for 1.5 to 7 years.

[Streptococcus pneumoniae induces SPLUNC1 and the regulatory effects of resveratrol].

Objective: To investigate the host-defense role of short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) infection and the effect of resveratrol (Res) on SPLUNC1 expression, and to provide new thoughts for the treatment of diseases caused by SP infection.

Methods: According to the multiplicity of infection (MOI), BEAS-2B cells with SP infection were divided into control group, MOI20 SP group, and MOI50 SP group. According to the different concentrations of Res, the BEAS-2B cells with MOI20 SP infection pretreated by Res were divided into 12.

[Lower respiratory tract infection caused by influenza virus A and influenza virus B in Wenzhou, China: a clinical analysis of 366 children].

Objective: To compare the epidemiological and clinical features of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) caused by influenza virus A (IVA) and influenza virus B (IVB) in children.

Methods: The clinical data of 366 children with LRTI caused by influenza virus (IV), who were hospitalized in Yuying Children′s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between 2010 and 2014, were analyzed retrospectively, and there were 272 cases caused by IVA and 94 cases caused by IVB.

Results: IV was mainly prevalent from December to March of the next year, with the predominance of IVA.

[Effects of asthma and inhaled corticosteroids in children on the final adult height: a systemic review and Meta analysis].

Objective: To evaluate the effects of asthma and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children on the final adult height.

Methods: A search was performed to collect studies evaluating the relationship between asthma and ICS in children and the final adult height in PubMed, BCI, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases, then a systemic review and Meta analysis were conducted.

Results: Six studies evaluating the relationship between childhood asthma and the final adult height were enrolled.

Obesity in children with different risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea: a community-based study.

Unlabelled: This study investigated the association between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in preschool and school-age children. Parents of obese and randomly chosen normal weight children completed a questionnaire on sleep-related symptoms, demography, family, and medical history. All subjects were invited to undergo polysomnography (PSG).

Adjunctive dexamethasone therapy improves lung injury by inhibiting inflammation and reducing RIP3 expression during Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in mice.

Antibiotic-induced immunopathology associated with the release of bacterial cell wall components has been suggested to contribute to poor outcomes in bacterial pneumonia. Adjunctive systemic glucocorticoid steroid (GC) therapy for pneumonia has been a controversial issue. In the present study, we first found that dexamethasone (2.

Role of SIRT1 in Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced human β-defensin-2 and interleukin-8 expression in A549 cell.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen of pneumonia in human. Human alveolar epithelium acts as an effective barrier and is an active participant in host defense against invasion of bacterial by production of various mediators. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), the prototypic class III histone deacetylase, is involved in the molecular control of lifespans and immune responses.

[Coordinated regulation of PI3K and Notch signal pathways in the activation and proliferation of CD4(+)T lymphocytes in asthma mice].

Objective: To explore whether the signal pathways of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Notch can realize coordinated regulation on the activation and proliferation of CD4(+)T lymphocytes.

Methods: Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control and asthma groups. Then the murine model of asthma was established by the method of ovalbumin (OVA) challenge.

[Diagnosis and prognosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in eighteen children].

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) in children.

Method: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 18 children diagnosed with SPM in Yuying Children's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from December 2007 to February 2013 was performed. Information of the sequelae and recurrence of SPM was obtained by telephone follow-up.

[Clinical analysis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 infection in a child].

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of Streptococcus pneumonia-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (SP-HUS) in children.

Method: Clinical and laboratory data of a pediatric case of SP-HUS were retrospectively analyzed and the key points of diagnosis and therapy were reviewed.

Result: An 18-month old girl was admitted with chief complaint of fever and cough for 5 days combined with mild labored breath.

[Clinical characteristics of children with Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae].

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of children who suffered from Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) septicemia and the drug sensitivity of SP strains.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 25 children with SP septicemia between January 2009 and December 2012.

Results: Of the 25 cases, 16 (64%) were aged under 2 years, 5 (20%) were aged 2-5 years, and 4 (16%) were aged over 5 years.

[Application of continuous thoracic close drainage using central venous catheter in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy in children].

Objective: To study the clinical effect of continuous thoracic close drainage using central venous catheter instead of repeated thoracocentesis in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy in children.

Methods: Thirty-nine children with tuberculous pleurisy, who received continuous thoracic close drainage using central venous catheter in addition to conventional antituberculous chemotherapy, were used as the observation group and 42 children with tuberculous pleurisy who underwent repeated thoracocentesis in addition to conventional antituberculous chemotherapy served as the control group. The two groups were compared in terms of time to pleural effusion absorption, improvement in pleural thickening, length of hospital stay, and puncture-related expenses.

Characterization of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive diseases in Chinese children.

Background: Erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates that causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) in Chinese children remain uncharacterized. This study aims to identify the resistance genes associated with erythromycin resistance and to determine the genetic relationships of IPD isolates in Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 171 S.

[Analysis of adverse reactions induced by subcutaneous immunotherapy against dust mite allergy in 234 cases with allergic rhinitis and asthma].

Objective: To investigate the incidence of local reactions (LRs) and systemic reactions (SRs) of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and to analyze the potential risk factors of such reactions in Chinese population.

Method: This is a retrospective study on 234 dust mite sensitized patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma who received allergen immunotherapy in our hospital from 2003 to 2010. Chart review was conducted to capture clinical data of reactions to immunotherapy.

[Clinical analysis of pulmonary embolism in a child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia].

Objective: To explore the essential points for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in children with mycoplasma pneumonia.

Method: Retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory data of a pediatric case who developed pulmonary embolism after mycoplasma pneumonia was performed for the key points for diagnosis.

Result: A-six-year old boy was admitted with chief complaint of fever and cough for half a month, combined with chest pain and mild labored breath.

Urotensin upregulates transforming growth factor-β1 expression of asthma airway through ERK-dependent pathway.

Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a key role in the process of asthma airway remodeling. Urotensin II (UII) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are potent mitogens for ASMCs proliferation. The study was aimed to determine whether UII-upregulated TGF-β-mediated ASMCs proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was required for such an effect.

Airway remodeling: a potential therapeutic target in asthma.

Background: Apart from airway inflammation, airway remodeling is one of the main pathological features of asthma. However, it remains unclear when airway remodeling starts in children and whether it could be a potential therapeutic target in asthma.

Data Sources: We have reviewed the recent literature regarding structural changes after airway remodeling, the relationship between airway inflammation and airway remodeling, the relationship between childhood asthma and airway remodeling, and the role of long-term medication in asthma treatment for airway remodeling.