Surfactant Tween 20 Controlled Perovskite Film Fabricated by Thermal Blade Coating for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

In recent years, additive engineering has received considerable attention for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this study, a non-ionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20), was added as an additive into the MAPbI perovskite layer, and the thermal-assisted blade-coating method was used to fabricate a high-quality perovskite film. The Tween 20 effectively passivated defects and traps in the MAPbI perovskite films.

Reducing Defects in Organic-Lead Halide Perovskite Film by Delayed Thermal Annealing Combined with KI/I for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.

This study improved quality of CHNHPbI (MAPbI) perovskite films by delaying thermal annealing in the spin coating process and introducing KI and I to prepare MAPbI films that were low in defects for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. The influences of delayed thermal annealing time after coating the MAPbI perovskite layer on the crystallized perovskite, the morphology control of MAPbI films, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells were investigated. The optimal delayed thermal annealing time was found to be 60 min at room temperature.

Step-saving synthesis of star-shaped hole-transporting materials with carbazole or phenothiazine cores optimized C-H/C-Br coupling reactions.

In most research papers, synthesis of organic hole-transporting materials relies on a key-reaction: Stille cross-couplings. This requires tedious prefunctionalizations including the preparation and treatment of unstable organolithium and toxicity-concern organotin reagents. In contrast to traditional multistep synthesis, this work describes that a series of star-shaped small molecules with a carbazole or phenothiazine core can be efficiently synthesized through a shortcut using optimized direct C-H/C-Br cross-couplings as the key step, thus avoiding dealing with the highly reactive organolithium or the toxic organotin species.

Ethnic and language influence on parents' perception of paediatric behaviour management techniques.

Background: Parental preference for various behaviour management techniques (BMTs) used in paediatric dentistry has been shown to be influenced by many factors, including ethnicity.

Aim: To measure parental acceptability of BMTs used in paediatric dentistry and how it is influenced by ethnicity and language.

Design: Parents of patients presenting to a paediatric dentistry residency clinic in Houston, Texas, USA or Medellín, Colombia watched ten video BMT vignettes and rated their acceptance on a visual analog scale (VAS).

Influence of Ethnicity on Parental Preference for Pediatric Dental Behavioral Management Techniques.

The purpose of this study was to determine how ethnicity influences parental acceptability of behavior management techniques (BMTs) used during dental treatment of children. This is the first known study to compare ethnic differences in acceptance levels of the BMTs. Parental acceptance of 10 BMTs (tell-show-do, voice control, non-verbal communication, positive reinforcement, distraction, parental presence/absence, nitrous oxide, protective stabilization, sedation, and general anesthesia) was rated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after watching vignettes of each technique.

One-pot synthesis of D-π-D-π-D type hole-transporting materials for perovskite solar cells by sequential C-H (hetero)arylations.

We report a step-saving new access to D-π-D-π-D type oligoaryls through one-pot sequential C-H (hetero)arylations. Conventionally, these oligomers were prepared by Stille or Suzuki coupling reactions that required prefunctionalization steps. The facilely synthesized linear oligomers were fabricated in perovskite-based solar devices as efficient hole transporters, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of up to 15.

Boarding school influence on self-reported concern for perceived body and face morphology in Taiwan.

To determine the influence of boarding school on self-perceived body and facial morphology, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and exploratory questions about the orofacial area (OFA) were administered to female boarding (B) and nonboarding (NB) students at two Catholic schools in Taiwan. The mean total BSQ scores of Bs were significantly higher than NBs, with both being significantly higher than the published normative score but lower than probable bulimics with no significant B vs. NB difference in mean total OFA scores.

Mutation spectrum of 122 hemophilia A families from Taiwanese population by LD-PCR, DHPLC, multiplex PCR and evaluating the clinical application of HRM.

Background: Hemophilia A represents the most common and severe inherited hemorrhagic disorder. It is caused by mutations in the F8 gene, which leads to a deficiency or dysfunctional factor VIII protein, an essential cofactor in the factor X activation complex.

Methods: We used long-distance polymerase chain reaction and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography for mutation scanning of the F8 gene.