Design of a high-power collimating optical system based on Fresnel lenses.

In light-emitting diode (LED) illumination (e.g., LED maritime lighting for ships), creating a uniform light environment for optical systems is an important challenge.

Tyrosine phosphorylation of GluK2 up-regulates kainate receptor-mediated responses and downstream signaling after brain ischemia.

Although kainate receptors play important roles in ischemic stroke, the molecular mechanisms underlying postischemic regulation of kainate receptors remain unclear. In this study we demonstrate that Src family kinases contribute to the potentiation of kainate receptor function. Brain ischemia and reperfusion induce rapid and sustained phosphorylation of the kainate receptor subunit GluK2 by Src in the rat hippocampus, implicating a critical role for Src-mediated GluK2 phosphorylation in ischemic brain injury.

The upregulation of NR2A-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function by tyrosine phosphorylation of postsynaptic density 95 via facilitating Src/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 activation.

The activation of postsynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors is required for long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission. Postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95) serves as a scaffold protein that tethers NMDA receptor subunits, kinases, and signal molecules. Our previous study proves that PSD-95 is a substrate of Src/Fyn and identifies Y523 on PSD-95 as a principal phosphorylation site.

S-nitrosylation of c-Src via NMDAR-nNOS module promotes c-Src activation and NR2A phosphorylation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Previous studies suggested that activated c-Src promote the tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor subunit NR2A, and thus aggravate the injury induced by transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rat hippocampus CA1 region. In this study, we examined the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the activation of c-Src and the tyrosine phosphorylation of NMDA receptor NR2A subunit. The results show that S-nitrosylation and the phosphorylation of c-Src were induced after cerebral I/R in rats, and administration of nNOS inhibitor 7-NI, nNOS antisense oligonucleotides and exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside diminished the increased S-nitrosylation and phosphorylation of c-Src during cerebral I/R.

S-nitrosylation of mixed lineage kinase 3 contributes to its activation after cerebral ischemia.

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK3) can be activated following global ischemia. In addition, other laboratories have reported that the activation of MLK3 may be linked to the accumulation of free radicals. However, the mechanism of MLK3 activation remains incompletely understood.

Up-regulation of glucosylceramide synthase in urinary bladder neoplasms.

Objective: To investigate the relationships between the clinicopathologic features and the expression of GCS in bladder cancer.

Methods And Materials: Using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method, 75 bladder cancer specimens were tested for expression of GCS. The correlation of GCS with clinicopathologic features of the patients was analyzed in combination with clinical data.

[Combined assay of serum prostate specific antigen and chromogranin A helps diagnosis of prostate cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the significance of the combined assay of chromogranin A (CgA) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Methods: Serum CgA and PSA were detected by ELISA technique in 55 cases of prostate cancer (PCa), 25 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and 50 cases of normal subjects (control).

Results: The serum CgA level in the PCa group was significantly higher than those in the control and BPH groups (P < 0.