Cytoprotective Peptides from Blue Mussel Protein Hydrolysates: Identification and Mechanism Investigation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Injury.

Cardiovascular disease represents a leading cause of mortality and is often characterized by the emergence of endothelial dysfunction (ED), a physiologic condition that takes place in the early progress of atherosclerosis. In this study, two cytoprotective peptides derived from blue mussel chymotrypsin hydrolysates with the sequence of EPTF and FTVN were purified and identified. Molecular mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effects against oxidative stress which lead to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) injury were investigated.

Insertion of gallic acid onto chitosan promotes the differentiation of osteoblasts from murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Chitosan, a naturally occurring biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, has found use as a food additive, nutraceuticals, and functional foods in recent years. In this study, gallic acid-g-chitosan (GAC) was prepared by the insertion of GA onto plain chitosan (PC) via free radical-mediated grafting and its osteogenic effects were investigated in murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs). Structural characterization of PC and GAC was performed using H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy.

Cytoprotective Role of Edible Seahorse ()-Derived Peptides in HO-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction is strongly linked to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. A previous study revealed that seahorse hydrolysates ameliorated oxidative stress-mediated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury. However, the responsible compounds have not yet been identified.

Blue Mussel-Derived Peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK Trigger Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling-Mediated Osteogenesis in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Marine-derived bioactive peptides have shown potential bone health promoting effects. Although various marine-derived bioactive peptides have potential nutraceutical or pharmaceutical properties, only a few of them are commercially available. This study presented an osteogenic mechanism of blue mussel-derived peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK as potential bone health promoting agents in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs).

Anti-Osteoporotic Effects of Antioxidant Peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK from on Ovariectomized Mice.

Numerous amounts of evidence suggest that bioactive peptides with diverse physiological activities can be nutraceuticals or potential drug candidates. In this study, blue mussel-derived antioxidant peptides PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK were subjected to evaluate their osteogenic effect in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMMSCs) followed by an anti-osteoporotic effect. Treatment of PIISVYWK and FSVVPSPK on mBMMSCs stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and calcification.

Low molecular weight blue mussel hydrolysates inhibit adipogenesis in mouse mesenchymal stem cells through upregulating HO-1/Nrf2 pathway.

Blue mussel proteins are a good source of bioactive peptides. In this study, blue mussel hydrolysate (BMH) with anti-adipogenic effect in mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC) was produced by peptic hydrolysis at 1:500 of pepsin/substrate ratio for 120 min. Additionally, BMH with below 1 kDa (BMH < 1 kDa) showed the highest anti-adipogenic effect in mMSC.

Ark shell protein-derived bioactive peptides promote osteoblastic differentiation through upregulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

In this study, the stimulating effect of ark shell protein-derived peptides AWLNH and PHDL on osteoblast differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSCs) and its molecular mechanism was investigated. The hBMMSCs were cultured with two peptides and osteogenic markers were analyzed. Results showed that enhanced ALP activity and calcification were detected in the presence of AWLNH and PHDL.

In Vivo Hepatoprotective Effects of a Peptide Fraction from Krill Protein Hydrolysates against Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Damage.

Background: Krill () represent the largest animal biomass on earth, and are a rich source of high-quality protein with essential amino acids. Krill-derived peptides are renowned for their antioxidant activities. Hence, these peptides may have protective effects against oxidative stress.

Two novel peptides from ark shell protein stimulate osteoblast differentiation and rescue ovariectomy-induced bone loss.

Osteoporosis is a common bone disease resulting from imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Currently, anti-resorptive agents that inhibit bone resorption are the most available drugs on the market. Biosphosphonates, anti-resorptive drugs most commonly used to treat osteoporosis, are limited by their side effects for long-term continuous treatment.

Bone health-promoting bioactive peptides.

Bioactive peptides, derivatives of proteins, show versatile biological effects and represent potential health-promoting agents as functional food ingredients and/or nutraceuticals. Bone health depends on the balance between bone formation and resorption. When the balance is disrupted, bone diseases such as osteoporosis and fragility fractures may result.

Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) seed protein isolate exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK pathways, and upregulating catalase activity.

Lotus seed has long been used in traditional medicine and cuisine. In this study, lotus seed protein (LSP) was isolated and evaluated its anti-inflammatory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Amino Acid Composition, Antioxidant, and Cytoprotective Effect of Blue Mussel () Hydrolysate through the Inhibition of Caspase-3 Activation in Oxidative Stress-Mediated Endothelial Cell Injury.

Enhanced oxidative stress plays a central role in promoting endothelial dysfunction, leading to the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of the hydrolysates derived from blue mussel () against H₂O₂-mediated oxidative injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The blue mussel hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis with eight proteases, and blue mussel-α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate (BMCH) showed the highest antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS⁺ radical scavenging, and ORAC value compared to those of the other hydrolysates.

Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) Hydrolysates Induce Apoptosis in Human Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells through Activation of Reactive Oxygen Species.

Recent evidence provides that seafood has a lot of health benefits due to its unique bioactive compounds. Sea squirt is widely cultured and consumed as a foodstuff in Korea; however, seldom reports with reference to bioactivities are available until now. In this study, edible part of sea squirt was hydrolyzed by pepsin and its hydrolysates was evaluated for anticancer effect on human colon cancer HT-29 cells.

Protective effect of enzymatic hydrolysates from seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) against HO-mediated human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury.

Oxidative stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction and LDL oxidation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the protection of the endothelial cells against oxidative stress-mediated injury and the inhibition of LDL oxidation by the use of antioxidants are a good strategy against atherosclerosis development. Here, we investigated the protective effect and the inhibition of LDL oxidation of seahorse H.

Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Activities of Enzymatic Extracts from Rhizoid of .

Rhizoid of was hydrolyzed with proteases and carbohydrases to obtain antioxidant materials. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of the enzymatic extracts was evaluated and the Protamex extract (PE) exhibited the highest ORAC value. PE also potently scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid cation radical, and hydrogen peroxide (HO) and had good reducing power.

Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) protein hydrolysate promotes mouse mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts through up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein.

Seafood provides a range of health benefits due to its high-protein level. In this study, the osteogenic effect of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) protein hydrolysates (BMPH) on osteoblast differentiation were examined using mouse mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A preparation we called BMPH<1kDa which showed the highest osteogenic effect in MSCs, was prepared by peptic hydrolysis.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Galactose-Taurine Sodium Salt in LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells.

In this study, we synthesized Galactose-Taurine sodium salt (G-T) as a functional food ingredient to enhance biological activities of taurine. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of G-T were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Protective Effects of Xylose-Taurine Reduced against Damages Caused by Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish Embryos In Vivo Model.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is useful and convenient vertebrate models in various studies in human disease and drug discovery. In this present study, we first evaluated whether Xylose-Taurine reduced (X-T-R), a taurine derivate protects zebrafish embryos against oxidative stress caused by AAPH (2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride). First of all, we selected the concentration of X-T-R showing no toxicity in zebrafish embryos.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Xylose-Taurine Reduced Against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Cultured Hepatocytes.

In this study, Xylose-Taurine reduced (X-T-R) was synthesized to enhance biological activities. Hence, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of X-T-R against HO-induced hepatocyte damage and apoptosis. The results showed that X-T-R led to the cytoprotective effect against HO-induced oxidative stress in cultured hepatocytes such as the improvement of cell viability and the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Protective Effects of An Water Extracts Prepared from Loliolus beka Gray Meat Against HO-Induced Oxidative Stress in Chang Liver Cells and Zebrafish Embryo Model.

In this study, we first evaluated protective effects of Loliolus beka in a human liver cell line and zebrafish embryo model with its anti-oxidant activity. First, we prepared the water extract from L. beka meat (LBMW) at room temperature for 24 h and revealed it consisted of a rich taurine.

Hepatoprotective effect of chitosan-caffeic acid conjugate against ethanol-treated mice.

The chitosan-caffeic acid (CCA) conjugate shows a hepatoprotective effect against oxidative stress-induced hepatic damage in cultured hepatocytes. The objective of this study is the verification of the hepatoprotective effect of the CCA in vivo against ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. The administration of ethanol resulted in the increase of the serum-aminotransferase activities (AST and ALT), triglycerides, total cholesterol, and lipid peroxidation.

Involvement of Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression in anti-inflammatory action of chitosan oligosaccharides through MAPK activation in murine macrophages.

Chitosan and its derivatives have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. It is also suggested that chitosan and its derivatives could be up-regulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in different models. However, the up-regulation of HO-1 by chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) remains unexplored in regard to anti-inflammatory action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW264.

Induction of Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in vitro by chitosan-caffeic acid against hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatotoxicity through JNK/ERK pathway.

Chemical modification of chitosan is a promising method for the improvement of biological activity. In this study, chitosan-caffeic acid (CCA) was prepared and its in vitro hepatoprotective ability against hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatic damage in liver cells was evaluated. Treatment with CCA (50-400 µg/mL) did not show cytotoxicity and also significantly (p < 0.

Anti-inflammatory action of high molecular weight Mytilus edulis hydrolysates fraction in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage via NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Anti-inflammatory Mytilus edulis hydrolysates (MEHs) were prepared by peptic hydrolysis and MEH was further fractionated into three fractions based on molecular weight, namely >5kDa, 1-5kDa, and <1kDa. The >5kDa peptide fraction exerted the highest nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity and inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.

Abalone Protein Hydrolysates: Preparation, Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Cellular Antioxidant Activity.

Abalone protein was hydrolyzed by enzymatic hydrolysis and the optimal enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratios were determined. Abalone protein hydrolysates (APH) produced by Protamex at E/S ratio of 1:100 showed angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.46 mg/mL, and APH obtained by Flavourzyme at E/S ratio of 1:100 possessed the oxygen radical absorbance capacity value of 457.