Host plant-mediated effects on symbiont: implications for biological characteristics and nutritional metabolism of pea aphids ().

Introduction: The pea aphid, , is a typical sap-feeding insect and an important worldwide pest. There is a primary symbiont-, which can synthesize and provide some essential nutrients for its host. At the same time, the hosts also can actively adjust the density of bacterial symbiosis to cope with the changes in environmental and physiological factors.

Oviposition Preference and Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Analysis of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Maize Varieties.

Host plants play an important role in the growth, development, and reproduction of insects. However, only a few studies have reported the effects of maize varieties on the growth and reproduction of . In this study, a free-choice test was used to evaluate the oviposition preferences of female adults on ten common maize varieties and ten special maize varieties.

The Dynamic Distribution of and in AsiaII1 .

and are bacterial endosymbionts that can induce a number of reproductive abnormalities in their arthropod hosts. We screened and established the co-infection of and in and compared the spatial and temporal distribution of and in eggs (3-120 h after spawning), nymphs, and adults of by qPCR quantification and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The results show that the titer of and in the 3-120 h old eggs showed a "w" patterned fluctuation, while the titers of and had a "descending-ascending descending-ascending" change process.

Population growth of Tetranychus truncatus (Acari: Tetranychidae) on different drought-tolerant potato cultivars.

Tetranychus truncatus Ehara (Acari: Tetranychidae) has become one of the major phytophagous pests in China in recent years, and is found on a wide range of host plants. However, little information is available on the population performance of this arthropod pest on potatoes. In this study, we explored the population growth of T.

Effects of abiotic stresses on the expression of chitinase-like genes in .

Insect chitinases play a crucial part to digest chitin in the exoskeleton during the molting process. However, research on insect chitinase related to the environmental stress response is very limited. This study was the first conducted to expression analysis of chitinase- related genes in under abiotic stresses.

Responses of Six Wheat Cultivars () to Wheat Aphid () Infestation.

Resistant variety screening is widely recommended for the management of . The purpose of this study was to assess responses of six wheat varieties (lines) to . The aphid quantity ratio (AQR) was used to assess resistance.

Responses of Fungi Maggot ( Johannsen) to Allyl Isothiocyanate and High CO.

Botanical pesticide is highly recommended for integrated pest management (IPM), due to its merits such as environmental friendliness, safe to non-target organisms, operators, animals, and food consumers. The experiment was conducted to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on eggs, third instar larvae, pupae, and females and males of Johannsen (). Different concentrations of AITC under ambient CO by the conical flask sealed fumigation method were used for the experiment.

Functional morphology of antennae and sensilla of Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae).

The lady beetle Hippodamia variegata is an important biocontrol agent of many aphids. In this study, the fine morphology of antennae as well as the typology, morphology and distribution of antennal sensilla were comprehensively examined by scanning electron microscopy. The antennal morphology of female and male are similar and consist of the scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres.

Investigating reproductive success of the ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis from the perspective of micropyle variation.

Micropyles in insects are small openings that allow sperm entry into, and the number was usually decreased on unfertilized and (or) undeveloped eggs. However, reports showed that Harmonia axyridis, a reproductive success model, deposited similar number of micropyles on undeveloped and developing eggs. Thus, it was confusing whether micropyles in H.

Functional morphology of the mouthparts of lady beetle Coccinella transversoguttata (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera), with reference to their feeding mechanism.

The lady beetle Coccinella transversoguttata is an important biocontrol agent of aphids. As the main the feeding apparatus, mouthparts play essential roles in feeding process, and the morphological variation of mouthparts is correlated with variation in food source and feeding behavior. To better understand the feeding behavior of C.

Effects of Endosymbiont Disruption on the Nutritional Dynamics of the Pea Aphid .

Pea aphid () is a worldwide pest that feeds exclusively on the phloem sap of numerous host plants. It harbours a well-known primary endosymbiont that helps to overcome the nutritional deficiency of a plant-based diet. However, how the contributes to the nutritional and energy metabolism of its aphid host is unclear to date.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of three-spined stickleback, .

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of three-spined stickleback, was determined through sequencing of PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial genome of was 16,543 bp in length and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition is: 27.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Cassin's auklet, .

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Cassin's auklet, was determined using Illumina sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome of was 16,524 bp in length and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition is: 30.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of short-tailed field vole, .

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of short-tailed field vole, was determined through sequencing of PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial genome of was 16,538 bp in length and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition is: 15.

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of cape elephant shrew, .

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of cape elephant shrew, was determined through sequencing of PCR fragments. The complete mitochondrial genome of was 16,552 bp in length and and encoded 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The overall nucleotide composition is: 32.

Two thymol derivatives from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica and their antibacterial activity.

A new monoterpenoid, 7-acetyl-8,9-dihydroxy thymol (1), together with a known one 7,8-dihydroxy-9-buyryl thymol (2), were isolated from the dried flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analyses. The potential antibacterial effects of these compounds on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus cereus were evaluated.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Paracobitis variegates and its phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the Paracobitis variegates was first reported. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,571 bp long with the A + T content of 55.6%.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides L.) and its phylogenetic analysis.

In this study, we undertook the first complete the Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides L.) mitochondrial genome. The total length of the mitogenome is 16,739 bp.

[Effects of temperature on population parameters of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Homoptera: Aphididae)].

To investigate the effects of temperature on the population growth of Therioaphis trifolii (Monell) (Homoptera: Aphididae), a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the development, reproduction, and life table of the spotted alfalfa aphid at nine constant temperatures ranged from 15 to 35 degrees C. The aphid could not survive at 35 degrees C. The total nymphal period shortened significantly with increasing temperature.

[Life table of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) natural population and related affecting factors].

In this study, the life table of the 2nd generation of Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) natural population on potato plants was constructed based on functional factor life table method, and the control effects of different factors on the population were analyzed by exclusion analysis method. It was shown that the survival rate of eggs and first instar (79.1% and 69.

Structures and energies of the radicals and anions generated from chlorpyrifos.

The radicals and anions generated from chlorpyrifos by removing a hydrogen atom have been investigated using the hybrid density functional B3PW91 method. The results show that all the radicals have been classified as three groups and their stability order is methylene (radical 1, 3, 5, and 7) > methyl (radical 9, 11 and 13) > ring (15); the anions have the relative energetic order: methyl > methylene > ring. Moreover, some decomposition reactions are also reported.

[Effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa].

A systematic investigation was made on the effects of cutting on the population dynamics of main insect pests on alfalfa in Dingxi of Gansu Province. The results showed that the effects of cutting varied significantly with the kinds of insect pests. The seasonal average population densities of Therioaphis trifolii, Acyrthosiphon pisum and thrips decreased significantly and maintained at a low level under the first cutting in early June, but less variation was observed under the second cutting in mid-July.

4-(4-Nitro-benzene-sulfonamido)pyridinium nitrate.

A short C-N distance [1.394 (2) Å] in the title compound, C(11)H(10)N(3)O(4)S(+)·NO(3) (-), is indicative of some conjugation of the sulfonamide π electrons with those of the pyridinium ring. The crystal structure is stabilized by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

2-Nitro-N-(4-pyridinio)benzene-sulfonamidate monohydrate.

The title compound, C(11)H(9)N(3)O(4)S·H(2)O, contains both an acid and a base centre and displays a zwitterionic structure. There are two independent mol-ecules and two water mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the pyridinium ring are 109.

[Effects of imidacloprid on arthropod community structure and its dynamics in alfalfa field].

With species richness (S), individual number (N), Shannon's index (H') and evenness (E) as the indices of biodiversity, this paper studied the arthropod community structure and its seasonal dynamics in alfalfa field under effects of imidacloprid. The results showed that imidacloprid more affected the species number of natural enemies rather than that of insect pests, resulting in a significant increase of the dominance concentration of both total arthropod community and pest sub-community, but spraying the insecticide by the end of May had little effects on the dominance concentration of pollination bee sub-community. The numbers of dominant pests such as aphid and thrip reduced significantly at the initial stage of spraying imidacloprid, increased rapidly after 7 days, and exceeded the control after 40 days.