Lethal clinical outcome and chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance in patients with urothelial carcinoma with MDM2 amplification or overexpression.

Background: The E3 ubiquitin ligase murine double minute 2 (MDM2) binds the p53 transcriptional activation domain and acts as a potent inhibitor of pathway, one of the three most crucial oncogenic pathways in urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, the clinical significance and impact on tumor immune contexture of amplification in UC remain unclear.

Methods: This study analyzed 240 patients with UC with matched clinical annotations from two local cohorts (ZSHS cohort and FUSCC cohort).

Potentiating microglial efferocytosis by MFG-E8 improves survival and neurological outcome after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in mice.

Brain injury represents the leading cause of mortality and disability after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) from cardiac arrest (CA), in which the accumulation of dying cells aggravate tissue injury by releasing proinflammatory intracellular components. Microglia play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis via milk fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFG-E8)-opsonized efferocytosis, the engulfment of dying cells and debris. This study investigates whether potentiating microglia efferocytosis by MFG-E8 provides neuroprotection after CA/CPR.

Effects of dichlorobenzene, toluene, benzene and formaldehyde chemicals on Drosophila melanogaster mortality.

Environmental exposures to volatile organic compound (VOC) mixtures have received increasing attention, yet the risks are under studied. This study aimed to explore the risks of combined exposures to several commonly detected VOCs and to draw attention to the necessity of studying long-term and low-concentration environmental exposure patterns. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term and low-concentration exposures to VOCs like 1,2-dichlorobenzene, benzene, toluene and formaldehyde either alone or in combination on D.

The landscape of primary mismatch repair deficient gliomas in children, adolescents, and young adults: a multi-cohort study.

Background: Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related death among children, adolescents, and young adults (age 0-40 years). Primary mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism with unique biology and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to determine the extent and impact of primary MMRD in gliomas among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Exploring the mechanism of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Granules against postoperative recurrence of colorectal adenoma based on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities. Our previous study demonstrated the efficacy of Jianpi Lishi Jiedu Granules (JLJG) in preventing postoperative recurrence of colorectal adenoma (CRA). Building on this foundation, the current study aims to elucidate whether the mechanism by which JLJG prevents postoperative recurrence of CRA involves the classical JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling pathway and to assess its specific impact on this pathway.

CXCR6 expression predicts prognosis and immunotherapeutic benefit in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests that the CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) is involved in tumor progression and the regulation of tumor immunity. However, its role in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Data from 391 MIBC patients in the TCGA, 212 patients from GEO, 131 patients from our center, 195 patients in the IMvigor210 cohort, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from 9 bladder cancer patients (GSE222315) were analyzed.

Interbasin trade worsens the state of freshwater fish biodiversity in China.

Human economic activities severely threaten freshwater fish biodiversity in different river basins. Trade makes the impact more mysterious and complex and confounds local efforts to protect freshwater biodiversity. To investigate the relationship between trade and freshwater fishes, we developed a river-basin economic transaction model that is applied to mainland China, home to 9% of the world's freshwater fish species.

Changes of bacterial necromass and their roles in humus conversion during organic wastes composting from different sources.

This study compared the changes of bacterial necromass carbon (BNC) in composting of three distinct organic wastes [sewage sludge (SW), kitchen waste (KW), and pig manure (PM)] and their relationship with bacterial communities and humus formation. Results revealed that BNC content significantly differed across treatments, with KW exhibiting the highest level at 13 mg/g, followed by PM, where BNC changed between 8 % and 444 % of microbial biomass. Humification index and degree of polymerization indicated that PM had higher humification potential.

Engineered protein destabilization reverses intrinsic immune evasion for candidate vaccine pan-strain KSHV and SARS-CoV-2 antigens.

Both Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus LANA and SARS coronavirus 2 RdRp/nsp12 are highly conserved replication proteins that evade immune processing. By deleting the LANA central repeat 1 domain (LANA ) or by dividing RdRp into two separated fragments (RdRp ) to maximize nascent protein mis-folding, cis peptide presentation was increased. Native LANA or RdRp SIINFEKL fusion proteins expressed in MC38 cancer cells were not recognized by activated OT-1 CD8 cells against SIINFEKL but cytotoxic recognition was restored by expression of the corresponding modified proteins.

Spontaneous Generation of Alkoxide Radical from Alcohols on Microdroplets Surface.

Water microdroplets have been demonstrated to exhibit extraordinary chemical behaviors, including the abilities to accelerate chemical reactions by several orders of magnitude and to trigger reactions that cannot occur in bulk water. One of the most striking examples is the spontaneous generation of hydroxyl radical from hydroxide ions. Alcohols and alkoxide ions, being structurally similar to water and hydroxide ions, might exhibit similar behavior on microdroplets.

Enhancing Stability in All-Vacuum-Evaporated Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells via a Bipolar Host as a Hole-Transporting Layer.

Growing an ultrathin hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite film while maintaining high efficiency and addressing photostability challenges for commercial devices remains a significant hurdle. In this study, we explore the incorporation of organometallic copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and (a previously published spiro-based interfacial material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), featuring an ortho-oriented carbazole donor) as an addition to the hole-transporting layer (HTL) in all-vacuum-deposited CsFAPb(IBr) PSCs. By innovatively introducing a 3 nm-thin layer at the CuPc-perovskite interface, we achieve a deeper understanding of the crystallographic dynamics of perovskites, resulting in a uniform and pinhole-free film.

Targeting methyltransferase-like 5-mediated sphingomyelin metabolism: A novel therapeutic approach in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health problem and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with its mortality rate ranking third among all cancers. The etiology and progression of GC are characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic changes, which present challenges for its early diagnosis and effective treatment. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and development of GC and identifying novel biomarkers for early detection and prognosis are crucial to improving patient outcomes.

Verification of utilization ability of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus to difructose anhydride III in vitro by its hydrolases and their application in Jerusalem artichoke tuber to improve nutrition.

The functional Difructose anhydride III (DFA-III) lacks reported utilization by special probiotics of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. DFA-III hydrolase (DFA-IIIase), converting DFA-III to inulobiose, is a critical enzyme for the metabolism of DFA-III, which stands for the utilization ability of DFA-III by microorganisms. Hence, the research identified six potential DFA-IIIases from Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species, suggesting that DFA-III has the potential to proliferate these bacteria.

Cytomegalovirus results in poor graft function via bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells.

Introduction: Poor graft function (PGF), characterized by myelosuppression, represents a significant challenge following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) being established as a risk factor for PGF. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) play an important role in supporting hematopoiesis and their dysfunction contributes to PGF development.

Vglut2-based glutamatergic signaling in central noradrenergic neurons is dispensable for normal breathing and chemosensory reflexes.

Central noradrenergic (NA) neurons are key constituents of the respiratory homeostatic network. NA dysfunction is implicated in several developmental respiratory disorders including Congenital Central Hyperventilation Syndrome (CCHS), Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and Rett Syndrome. The current unchallenged paradigm in the field, supported by multiple studies, is that glutamate co-transmission in subsets of central NA neurons plays a role in breathing control.

Abnormal circadian rhythms exacerbate dilated cardiomyopathy by reducing the ventricular mechanical strength.

Aims: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has etiological and pathophysiological heterogeneity. Abnormal circadian rhythm (ACR) is related to the development of DCM in animal models, but exploration based on clinical samples is lacking. Sleep apnea (SA) is the most common disease related to ACR, and we chose SA as the study object to explore ACR-DCM.

Causal Association Between Atopic Dermatitis and Keratoconus: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Purpose: Although many studies have indicated that atopic dermatitis (AD) could contribute to the risk of keratoconus (KC), the causality between AD and KC remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the potential causal associations between AD and KC.

Methods: Instrumental variables for both exposures and outcomes were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics from previous meta-analyses.

MiR-125a-5p regulates the radiosensitivity of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma via HK2 targeting through the DDR pathway.

Objective: To determine the function of miR-125a-5p in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), its correlation with radiation sensitivity, and the underlying regulatory mechanism.

Materials And Methods: We conducted the analysis on the correlation between miR-125a-5p and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The putative gene targeted by miR-125a-5p has been identified as HK2, while the expression levels of miR-125a-5p and HK2 were measured in laryngeal cancer tissues and cells using RT-PCR.

Observation of intracranial artery and venous sinus hemodynamics using compressed sensing-accelerated 4D flow MRI: performance at different acceleration factors.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and performance of 4D flow MRI accelerated by compressed sensing (CS) for the hemodynamic quantification of intracranial artery and venous sinus.

Materials And Methods: Forty healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited, and 20 volunteers underwent 4D flow MRI of cerebral artery, and the remaining volunteers underwent 4D flow MRI of venous sinus. A series of 4D flow MRI was acquired with different acceleration factors (AFs), including sensitivity encoding (SENSE, AF = 4) and CS (AF = CS4, CS6, CS8, and CS10) at a 3.