Targeting allosteric site of AKT by 5,7-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthrenequinone suppresses neutrophilic inflammation.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe life-threatening inflammatory disease. Neutrophil activation is a major pathogenic factor in ALI. Protein kinase B (PKB)/AKT regulates diverse cellular responses, but the significance in neutrophilic inflammation and ALI remains unknown.

Candesartan cilexetil prevents diet-induced insulin resistance via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation in an obese rat model.

Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs) have been shown to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the central regulator of insulin and glucose metabolism, which improves insulin sensitivity. Whether candesartan cilexetil, as a prodrug of the AT1R blocker candesartan, has PPARγ-activating properties remains to be elucidated.

Characterization of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas using sonographic features in malignant papillary thyroid cancer: a retrospective analysis.

The diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules is still a clinical challenge. This study aimed to determine the ultrasonographic characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The ultrasonographic and pathological data of 2453 thyroid nodules in a cohort of 1895 Chinese patients who underwent thyroidectomy from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

Patient-led versus physician-led titration of insulin glargine in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: a randomized multinational ATLAS study.

Objective: Self-adjustment of insulin dose is commonly practiced in Western patients with type 2 diabetes but is usually not performed in Asian patients. This multinational, 24-week, randomized study compared patient-led with physician-led titration of once-daily insulin glargine in Asian patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes who were on 2 oral glucose-lowering agents.

Methods: Patient-led (n = 275) or physician-led (n = 277) subjects followed the same dose-titration algorithm guided by self-monitored fasting blood glucose (FBG; target, 110 mg/dL [6.

Lixisenatide treatment improves glycaemic control in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin with or without sulfonylurea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week trial (GetGoal-M-Asia).

Background: This study assessed the efficacy and safety of the once-daily glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin ± sulfonylurea.

Methods: In this 24-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study, patients were randomized to lixisenatide 20 µg once daily or placebo. The primary endpoint was absolute change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ) from baseline to week 24.

The association of basal insulin glargine and/or n-3 fatty acids with incident cancers in patients with dysglycemia.

OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic studies linking insulin glargine and glucose-lowering therapies to cancers and n-3 fatty acids to cancer prevention have not been confirmed. We aimed to assess the effect of insulin glargine and n-3 fatty acids on incident cancers within the context of the ORIGIN (Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention) trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The ORIGIN trial is an international, long-term, randomized two-by-two factorial study comparing insulin glargine with standard care and n-3 fatty acids with placebo (double blind) in people with dysglycemia at high risk for cardiovascular events.

[The clinical characteristics of multi-detector computed tomography of congenital adrenal hyperplasia].

Objective: To explore the imaging features of congenital adrenal cortex hyperplasia (CAH).

Methods: A total of 45 patients clinically confirmed as CAH were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the imaging features and strengthening way of the multi-detector-row Computed tomography.

Results: The imaging features of all the cases presented as following: 25 with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, 6 with unilateral adrenal hyperplasia, 6 with adrenal nodular hyperplasia, 2 with adrenal hyperplasia and unilateral solid cystic lesion, 2 with adrenal hyperplasia and double side real cystic lesion, 1 with adrenal hyperplasia and unilateral cystic changes and 3 with normal adrenal.

[The design and baseline characteristics of a phase III study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Mainland China].

Objective: To assess the design and the Mainland China subgroup baseline characteristics of the study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin versus placebo in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as monotherapy, add-on to metformin or add-on to pioglitazone.

Methods: This was a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 16-week study comparing alogliptin (ALO, 25 mg, 1/d) versus placebo (PLA) as monotherapy (A), add-on to metformin (B) or add-on to pioglitazone ± metformin (C). The T2DM subjects with glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) between 7% and 10% and aged between 18 years and 75 years were enrolled and randomized to the alogliptin group and the placebo group in 1: 1 ratio with 16 weeks treatment.

Telmisartan increases lipoprotein lipase expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in HepG2 cells.

In addition to their hypotensive properties, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to exert clinical antidyslipidemic effects. The mechanism underlying these ARB lipid metabolic effects remains unclear. Some ARBs, for example, telmisartan, activate peroxisome proliferator-activated activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma).

Efficacy and safety of combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin versus metformin up-titration in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study design and rationale of the vision study.

Background And Aim: Limitations of the currently recommended stepwise treatment pathway for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially the failure of monotherapies to maintain good glycemic control, have prompted use of early, more aggressive combination therapies.The VISION study is designed to explore the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin as an add-on to metformin therapy compared with up-titration of metformin monotherapy in Chinese patients with T2DM.

Methods: VISION, a 24-week, phase 4, prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel-group study, will include 3312 Chinese T2DM patients aged ≥18 years who are inadequately controlled (6.

[The safety and effectiveness of once daily detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes previously failing oral agents: the Chinese cohort from SOLVE(TM) observational study].

Objective: Study of Once-daily LeVEmir(®) (SOLVE(TM)) was a 24-week international observational study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of initiating once-daily insulin detemir (Levemir) as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who failed treatment of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OAD).

Methods: The present study was derived from the data of Chinese cohort. A total of 3272 patients with T2DM failing OAD were enrolled in the study.

Clinical and genetic analysis of three Chinese patients with steroid 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency.

Steroid 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD2) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder caused by mutations in the SRD5A2 gene. Its clinical features and pathogenesis in Chinese patients are poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features and genetically analyze the SRD5A2 gene in three Chinese 5α-RD2 patients.

[The baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin detemir : the Chinese cohort from the SOLVE(TM) study].

Objective: To characterize the baseline status of Chinese diabetic patients based on data derived from Chinese cohort from SOLVE(TM) study.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin detemir at the decision of the physician were eligible for the study. Data on demographics, medical history, glycemic profile and treatment regimen at baseline were collected by physicians.

Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome in 58 Chinese patients: clinical features and genetic analysis.

Objectives: Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is rare and its clinical features and pathogenesis are poorly understood. This study characterized the clinical and genetic features of PSIS in Chinese patients.

Design And Patients: Clinical data of 58 patients with PSIS and 46 patients with GH deficiency but a normal pituitary stalk (NPS) were retrospectively analysed.

Spontaneous remission of acromegaly or gigantism due to subclinical apoplexy of pituitary growth hormone adenoma.

Background: Subclinical apoplexy of pituitary functional adenoma can cause spontaneous remission of hormone hypersecretion. The typical presence of pituitary growth hormone (GH) adenoma is gigantism and/or acromegaly. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patients with spontaneous partial remission of acromegaly or gigantism due to subclinical apoplexy of GH adenoma.

[A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel and multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pioglitazone with sulphonylurea in type 2 diabetic patients].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 30 mg pioglitazone hydrochloride combined with sulphonylurea in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter study was performed. A total of 236 patients, who had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 7.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy mimicking diabetic neuropathy in a young female with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The presentations of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) overlap with those of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). We described a young girl with CIDP underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting with progressive numbness and limb weakness, who was initially misdiagnosed to have DPN. Finally immunosuppressive therapy got good response.

Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin in drug-naïve Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Few studies have assessed the use of new oral anti-diabetic agents in Asian populations. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of saxagliptin versus placebo in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: Five hundred sixty-eight drug-naïve adult patients with T2DM and glycated haemoglobin levels (HbA(1c)) of 7.

Medullar thyroid carcinoma in mediastinum initially presenting as Ectopic ACTH syndrome. A case report.

A rare case with ectopic adrenocorticotrophic hormone syndrome (EAS) caused by medullar thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in mediastinum was reported. This 49 year-old male patient initially presented with serious and intractable hypokalemia. Endocrine evaluations showed increased levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and urinary free cortisol, which could not be suppressed more than 50% by high-dose dexamethasone suppression test.

Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin in Asian people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Aim: To assess efficacy and safety of saxagliptin added to metformin versus placebo plus metformin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and inadequate glycemic control on metformin alone.

Methods: Adults (HbA(1c) 7.0-10.

Diabetic dyslipidaemia in Asian populations in the Western Pacific Region: what we know and don't know.

Approximately 77 million persons with diabetes reside in the Western Pacific Region. This number is estimated to rise to 113 million in 2030 with increasing burden of cardio-renal disease, affecting an increasingly young population. Randomized clinical trials have confirmed the benefits of using statins to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Caucasians, although similar data are lacking in Asia.

A young boy with diffuse hyperpigmentation and delayed puberty.

An 18-year-old male patient had presented with diffuse hyperpigmentation after birth and with adrenal insufficiency syndrome since childhood. After puberty, no secondary sexual signs developed. Laboratory examination showed an extremely high concentration of serum triglycerides (9.