Time-series InSAR measurement using ICOPS and estimation of along-track surface deformation using MAI during the 2021 eruption of Fagradalsfjall Volcano, Iceland.

The eruption in Fagradalsfjall Volcano, located in Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, from several centuries' dormant states, occurred for the first time on March 19, 2021. Observations of Fagradalsfjall Volcano were conducted in 2021, and the eruption period lasted for six months until 18 September 2021. Six days pair of interferograms were generated from ninety synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data.

Enrichment and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates in brain tissue.

Triazolium α-cyclodextrin click cluster-magnetic agarose bead conjugate (CCC-MAB) was used to enrich phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates in brain tissue. The enriched sample was phosphate-methylated and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS in positive ion mode. CCC-MAB effectively removed weak-binding interferences from the phosphoinositide extract and improved the signal-to-noise ratio.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches in cerebral palsy diagnosis, prognosis, and management: a comprehensive review.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of disorders that alters patients' muscle coordination, posture, and movement, resulting in a wide range of deformities. Cerebral palsy can be caused by various factors, both prenatal and postnatal, such as infections or injuries that damage different parts of the brain. As brain plasticity is more prevalent during childhood, early detection can help take the necessary course of management and treatments that would significantly benefit patients by improving their quality of life.

Flood susceptibility mapping of Cheongju, South Korea based on the integration of environmental factors using various machine learning approaches.

Floods are natural occurrences that pose serious risks to human life and the environment, including significant property and infrastructure damage and subsequent socioeconomic challenges. Recent floods in Cheongju County, South Korea have been linked to river overflow. In this study, we created flood susceptibility maps of Cheongju, South Korea using machine learning techniques including support vector regression (SVR), boosted tree (BOOST), and long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithms, based on environmental factors.

Enhancing visual communication through representation learning.

Introduction: This research aims to address the challenges in model construction for the Extended Mind for the Design of the Human Environment. Specifically, we employ the ResNet-50, LSTM, and Object Tracking Algorithms approaches to achieve collaborative construction of high-quality virtual assets, image optimization, and intelligent agents, providing users with a virtual universe experience in the context of visual communication.

Methods: Firstly, we utilize ResNet-50 as a convolutional neural network model for generating virtual assets, including objects, characters, and environments.

Multitemporal analysis of land subsidence induced by open-pit mining activity using improved combined scatterer interferometry with deep learning algorithm optimization.

Mine operational safety is an important aspect of maintaining the operational continuity of a mining area. In this study, we used the InSAR time series to analyze land surface changes using the ICOPS (improved combined scatterers with optimized point scatters) method. This ICOPS method combines persistent scatterers (PS) with distributed scatterers (DS) to increase surface deformation analysis's spatial coverage and quality.

Extraction of Roads Using the Archimedes Tuning Process with the Quantum Dilated Convolutional Neural Network.

Road network extraction is a significant challenge in remote sensing (RS). Automated techniques for interpreting RS imagery offer a cost-effective solution for obtaining road network data quickly, surpassing traditional visual interpretation methods. However, the diverse characteristics of road networks, such as varying lengths, widths, materials, and geometries across different regions, pose a formidable obstacle for road extraction from RS imagery.

Phthalides Isolated from the Endolichenic sp. EL000127 Exhibits Antiangiogenic Activity.

Endolichenic fungi (ELF) produce specialized metabolites that have various medicinal properties. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis efficaciously suppresses many types of cancer. This study aimed to discover novel antiangiogenic agents from specialized metabolite extracts of ELF strains isolated from Korean lichens.

Glutamine increases stability of TPH1 mRNA via p38 mitogen-activated kinase in mouse mastocytoma cells.

Expression changes for tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, by environmental glutamine (GLN) were examined in mouse mastocytoma-derived P815-HTR cells. GLN-treated cells exhibited a robust increase in TPH1 mRNA after a 6 h exposure to GLN. 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine-utilizing glutaminase inhibitor, significantly inhibited the GLN-induction of TPH1 mRNA.

Convolutional neural network (CNN) with metaheuristic optimization algorithms for landslide susceptibility mapping in Icheon, South Korea.

Landslides are a geological hazard that can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment of highlands or mountain slopes. Landslide susceptibility mapping is an essential tool for predicting and mitigating landslides. This study aimed to investigate the application of deep learning algorithms based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with metaheuristic optimization algorithms, namely the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), to landslide susceptibility mapping.

Acremonamide, a Cyclic Pentadepsipeptide with Wound-Healing Properties Isolated from a Marine-Derived Fungus of the Genus .

Acremonamide () was isolated from a marine-derived fungus belonging to the genus . The chemical structure of was established using MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data analyses. Acremonamide () was found to contain -Me-Phe, -Me-Ala, Val, Phe, and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid.

Earthquake Probability Assessment for the Indian Subcontinent Using Deep Learning.

Earthquake prediction is a popular topic among earth scientists; however, this task is challenging and exhibits uncertainty therefore, probability assessment is indispensable in the current period. During the last decades, the volume of seismic data has increased exponentially, adding scalability issues to probability assessment models. Several machine learning methods, such as deep learning, have been applied to large-scale images, video, and text processing; however, they have been rarely utilized in earthquake probability assessment.

γ-Secretase Partitioning into Lipid Bilayers Remodels Membrane Microdomains after Direct Insertion.

γ-Secretase is a multisubunit complex that catalyzes intramembranous cleavage of transmembrane proteins. The lipid environment forms membrane microdomains that serve as spatio-temporal platforms for proteins to function properly. Despite substantial advances in the regulation of γ-secretase, the effect of the local membrane lipid microenvironment on the regulation of γ-secretase is poorly understood.

Cryo-EM structure of OSCA1.2 from elucidates the mechanical basis of potential membrane hyperosmolality gating.

Sensing and responding to environmental water deficiency and osmotic stresses are essential for the growth, development, and survival of plants. Recently, an osmolality-sensing ion channel called OSCA1 was discovered that functions in sensing hyperosmolality in Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure and function of an OSCA1 homolog from rice (; OsOSCA1.2), leading to a model of how it could mediate hyperosmolality sensing and transport pathway gating.

Generation, expression and utilization of single-domain antibodies for in vivo protein localization and manipulation in sea urchin embryos.

Single-domain antibodies, also known as nanobodies, are small antigen-binding fragments (~15kDa) that are derived from heavy chain only antibodies present in camelids (V, from camels and llamas), and cartilaginous fishes (V, from sharks). Nanobody V-like domains are useful alternatives to conventional antibodies due to their small size, and high solubility and stability across many applications. In addition, phage display, ribosome display, and mRNA/cDNA display methods can be used for the efficient generation and optimization of binders in vitro.

An Artificial Intelligence Application for Post-Earthquake Damage Mapping in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

A Mw 7.4 earthquake hit Donggala County, Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, on 28 September 2018, triggering a tsunami and liquefaction in Palu City and Donggala. Around 2101 fatalities ensued and 68,451 houses were damaged by the earthquake.

Reversible Mn/Mn double redox in lithium-excess cathode materials.

There is an urgent need for low-cost, resource-friendly, high-energy-density cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries to satisfy the rapidly increasing need for electrical energy storage. To replace the nickel and cobalt, which are limited resources and are associated with safety problems, in current lithium-ion batteries, high-capacity cathodes based on manganese would be particularly desirable owing to the low cost and high abundance of the metal, and the intrinsic stability of the Mn oxidation state. Here we present a strategy of combining high-valent cations and the partial substitution of fluorine for oxygen in a disordered-rocksalt structure to incorporate the reversible Mn/Mn double redox couple into lithium-excess cathode materials.

Directing the Lithium-Sulfur Reaction Pathway via Sparingly Solvating Electrolytes for High Energy Density Batteries.

The lithium-sulfur battery has long been seen as a potential next generation battery chemistry for electric vehicles owing to the high theoretical specific energy and low cost of sulfur. However, even state-of-the-art lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from short lifetimes due to the migration of highly soluble polysulfide intermediates and exhibit less than desired energy density due to the required excess electrolyte. The use of sparingly solvating electrolytes in lithium-sulfur batteries is a promising approach to decouple electrolyte quantity from reaction mechanism, thus creating a pathway toward high energy density that deviates from the current catholyte approach.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) attenuates reactive oxygen species formation and inhibits cell death: implications for otoprotective therapy.

Ototoxic drugs, such as platinum-based chemotherapeutics, often lead to permanent hearing loss through apoptosis of neuroepithelial hair cells and afferent neurons of the cochlea. There is no approved therapy for preventing or reversing this process. Our previous studies identified a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), S1P2, as a potential mediator of otoprotection.

High-Surface-Area Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electric Double-Layer Capacitors.

A two-step method consisting of solid-state microwave irradiation and heat treatment under NH3 gas was used to prepare nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO) with a high specific surface area (1007 m(2)  g(-1) ), high electrical conductivity (1532 S m(-1) ), and low oxygen content (1.5 wt %) for electrical double-layer capacitor applications. The specific capacitance of N-RGO was 291 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1) , and a capacitance of 261 F g(-1) was retained at 50 A g(-1) , which indicated a very good rate capability.

In vitro nanobody discovery for integral membrane protein targets.

Nanobodies (Nbs) or single-domain antibodies are among the smallest and most stable binder scaffolds known. In vitro display is a powerful antibody discovery technique used worldwide. We describe the first adaptation of in vitro mRNA/cDNA display for the rapid, automatable discovery of Nbs against desired targets, and use it to discover the first ever reported nanobody against the human full-length glucose transporter, GLUT-1.

Intraoperative diagnosis of central compartment lymph node metastasis predicts recurrence of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and clinically node-negative lateral neck and may guide extent of initial surgery.

Background: Although lymph node (LN) metastasis (LNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common, routine prophylactic LN dissection (LND) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors for recurrence of PTC with clinically node-negative lateral neck to determine the utility of intraoperative LN biopsy.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 185 patients with pathologically confirmed PTC and clinically node-negative lateral neck.

Short-term hearing results using ossicular replacement prostheses of hydroxyapatite versus titanium.

The aim of this study was to compare the short-term audiologic results of the ossiculoplasty using partial or total ossicular replacement prostheses (PORP or TORP) made of hydroxyapatite (HA) and titanium (Ti). Fifty-two consecutive patients who underwent ossiculoplasty due to chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma were enrolled. Patients were assessed at 6 months postoperatively to establish short-term audiologic results.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Mangostenone F in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPK Activation.

Mangostenone F (MF) is a natural xanthone isolated from Garcinia mangostana. However, little is known about the biological activities of MF. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of MF in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.

Risk factors for recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically node-positive lateral neck.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with clinically node-positive lateral neck is more likely to recur after surgery than node-negative PTC. The present study investigated the risk factors for recurrence in PTC patients with clinically node-positive lateral neck.

Materials And Methods: This study involved 136 patients with pathologically confirmed PTC and a clinically lymph node (LN)-positive lateral neck but no initial distant metastasis who underwent total thyroidectomy with therapeutic central and lateral neck dissection.