Exploration of trust between pediatric nurses and children with a medical diagnosis and their caregivers on inpatient care units: A scoping review.

Problem: Trust is central to the development of nurse-patient relationships. Pediatric nurses encounter difficulties developing trust with children and their caregivers. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify, examine, and summarize available evidence on the concept of trust among nurses and children/caregivers when admitted to hospital inpatient care units.

Effect of Biliary Drainage on the Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Bile Duct Invasion.

Background/aims: Bile duct invasion (BDI) is rarely observed in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leading to hyperbilirubinemia. However, the efficacy of pretreatment biliary drainage for HCC patients with BDI and obstructive jaundice is currently unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of biliary drainage on the prognosis of these patients.

Switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in virologically suppressed patient with chronic hepatitis B.

Background And Aim: Our study evaluated the outcomes of switching from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We assessed viral and biochemical responses as well as changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included CHB patients who achieved virologic response (VR) (HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL) while on TDF and were subsequently switched to TAF between April 2018 and October 2021.

A Machine Learning Algorithm Facilitates Prognosis Prediction and Treatment Selection for Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Purpose: Given its heterogeneity and diverse clinical outcomes, precise subclassification of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (BCLC-C) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is required for appropriately determining patient prognosis and selecting treatment.

Experimental Design: We recruited 2,626 patients with BCLC-C HCC from multiple centers, comprising training/test (n = 1,693) and validation cohorts (n = 933). The XGBoost model was chosen for maximum performance among the machine learning (ML) models.

Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on lipogenesis, elucidate its mechanistic action, and identify the active compounds responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects. YH (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced Oil Red O-stained lipids. YH (2 mg/mL) also downregulated C/EBPβ and upregulated KLF2, both of which are early adipogenic factors.

Treatment outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic sarcoma of the spine.

Purpose: This study evaluated the treatment outcomes of spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in sarcoma patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 44 sarcoma patients and 75 spinal lesions (6 primary tumors, 69 metastatic tumors) treated with SBRT were retrospectively reviewed between 2006 and 2017. The median radiation dose was 33 Gy (range, 18-45 Gy) in 3 fractions (range, 1-5) prescribed to the 75% isodose line.

A Real-World Comparative Analysis of Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Radiotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis.

This study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of atezolizumab-plus-bevacizumab (Ate/Bev) therapy with those of transarterial chemoembolization plus radiotherapy (TACE + RT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and without metastasis. Between June 2016 and October 2022, we consecutively enrolled 855 HCC patients with PVTT. After excluding 758 patients, 97 patients (n = 37 in the Ate/Bev group; n = 60 in the TACE + RT group) were analyzed.

Change in skeletal muscle mass is associated with hepatic steatosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia is known. We aimed to determine the association between skeletal muscle mass changes and NAFLD status. This retrospective single-center study analyzed patients who underwent health screening twice between November 2009 and December 2017, with a temporal gap of 6 ± 0.

Safety and effectiveness of direct-acting antivirals in patients with chronic hepatitis C and chronic kidney disease.

Background/aims: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) available in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Korea.

Methods: In a retrospective, multicenter cohort study, 362 patients were enrolled from 2015 to 2019. The effectiveness and safety of DAAs including glecaprevir/pibrentasvir, sofosubvir/ribavirin, ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, and daclatasvir/asunaprevir were analyzed for patients according to CKD stage.

Real-life experience of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for HCV infected Korean patients: a multicenter cohort study.

Background/aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Korean patients in a real clinical setting.

Methods: A total of 273 patients who received LDV/SOF therapy between May 2016 and February 2021 were consecutively enrolled and analyzed. A per-protocol analysis was performed to evaluate the virologic response.

Thecal Sac Contouring as a Surrogate for the Cauda Equina and Intracanal Spinal Nerve Roots for Spine Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Contour Variability and Recommendations for Safe Practice.

Purpose: To present interobserver variability in thecal sac (TS) delineation based on contours generated by 8 radiation oncologists experienced in spine stereotactic body radiation therapy and to propose contouring recommendations to standardize practice.

Methods And Materials: In the setting of a larger contouring study that reported target volume delineation guidelines specific to sacral metastases, 8 academically based radiation oncologists with dedicated spine stereotactic body radiation therapy programs independently contoured the TS as a surrogate for the cauda equina and intracanal spinal nerve roots. Uniform treatment planning simulation computed tomography datasets fused with T1, T2, and T1 post gadolinium magnetic resonance imaging for each case were distributed to each radiation oncologist.

Association between serum tumor necrosis factor-α and sarcopenia in liver cirrhosis.

Background/aims: Sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor of liver cirrhosis (LC). However, the association between LC-related systemic inflammation and sarcopenia is unclear.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with thioacetamide (TAA) or saline as a control.

Definition of Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease.

Sarcopenia, which is characterized by decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, is common in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Several consensus definitions for community-dwelling elderly people have been proposed, and these recommend the use of various tools and tests to assess muscle properties and performance. These measurement tools have also been applied in patients with CLD and have been useful for predicting prognosis.

Enhancing the Capacity and Stability of a Tungsten Disulfide Anode in a Lithium-Ion Battery Using Excess Sulfur.

Tungsten disulfide (WS) is a transition metal disulfide and a promising anode material due to its layered structure, making it favorable for attaining lithium-ion batteries with rate capability and thermal/mechanical stability. Although WS has a rich redox chemistry and a large density, which can increase the specific capacity and volumetric energy density, it still has an inferior specific capacity and poor long-term stability for practical use due to its insufficient space for the accommodation of lithium ions and large volume change during cycling. Herein, to overcome the chronic limitations of WS-based anodes, we propose a micron-sized tungsten disulfide/reduced graphene oxide composite by employing excess sulfur (S-WS/r-GO).

Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by On-Therapy Response of Noninvasive Fibrosis Markers in Chronic Hepatitis B.

Introduction: Antiviral therapy improves hepatic fibrosis and reduces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. This study aimed to evaluate whether on-therapy changes in scores for fibrosis index based on 4 factors and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index are associated with HCC development and establish an HCC risk score model incorporating noninvasive fibrosis marker (NFM) response.

Methods: This multicenter study recruited 5,147 patients with chronic hepatitis B (4,028 for derivation cohort and 1,119 for validation cohort) who were given entecavir/tenofovir for >12 months between 2007 and 2018.

Effectiveness of sorafenib dose modifications on treatment outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis in real-life settings.

Controlling adverse events (AEs) through dose reduction can enhance drug adherence and treatment response. Currently, there is no guide for sorafenib dosing. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether sorafenib dosing could affect treatment outcomes.

International consensus recommendations for target volume delineation specific to sacral metastases and spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Background And Purpose: To interrogate inter-observer variability in gross tumour volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) delineation specific to the treatment of sacral metastases with spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and develop CTV consensus contouring recommendations.

Materials And Methods: Nine specialists with spinal SBRT expertise representing 9 international centres independently contoured the GTV and CTV for 10 clinical cases of metastatic disease within the sacrum. Agreement between physicians was calculated with an expectation minimisation algorithm using simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) and with kappa statistics.

Noninvasive Serum Fibrosis Markers are Associated with Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background/aims: Advanced hepatic fibrosis is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the association between noninvasive serum fibrosis markers and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in subjects with NAFLD.

Methods: We analyzed 665 NAFLD subjects without chronic liver disease or heart disease between 2011 and 2015.

Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B in Korea.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 144-week tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Korean.

Methods: In total, 579 treatment-naïve CHB patients at 11 medical centers were enrolled retrospective and prospective from September 2015 to January 2016 by design (NCT02533544). We evaluated the complete virologic response (CVR) rate and the renal safety of TDF.

Clinical outcomes after the introduction of direct antiviral agents for patients infected with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus depending on the regimens: A multicenter study in Korea.

Background: A real-life study is essential outside clinical trials. The aim is to evaluate the clinical outcomes of direct acting agents (DAA) for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in real practice.

Methods: We analyzed 590 consecutively enrolled patients with CHC-1b who received DAAs since 2015, when DAAs were introduced in Korea.

In Situ Self-Formed Nanosheet MoS/Reduced Graphene Oxide Material Showing Superior Performance as a Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode.

Although lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have 5-10 times higher theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g) than present commercial lithium-ion batteries, Li-S batteries show a rapid and continuous capacity fading due to the polysulfide dissolution in common electrolytes. Here, we propose the use of a sulfur-based cathode material, amorphous MoS and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) composite, which can be substituted for the pure sulfur-based cathodes. In order to enhance kinetics and stability of the electrodes, we intentionally pulverize the microsized MoS sheet into nanosheets and form an ultrathin nano-SEI on the surface using in situ electrochemical methods.

Nationwide comparative study of synchronous and metachronous spine metastasis in the adult Korean population.

This nationwide study of the adult Korean population aimed to compare the survival period between synchronous and metachronous group and to determine recent treatment trends in newly diagnosed spine metastasis patients. Data were extracted from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Patients in this study were newly diagnosed with metastatic spine tumors between July 1, 2011 and June 31, 2014.