Intercomparison of conventional and QuickScan dicentric scoring for the validation of individual biodosimetry analysis in Taiwan.

Purpose: The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA), the gold standard for radiation biodosimetry, evaluates an individual absorbed radiation dose by the analysis of DNA damage in human lymphocytes. The conventional (C-DCA) and QuickScan (QS-DCA) scoring methods are sensitive for estimating radiation dose. The Biodosimetry Laboratory at Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER), Taiwan, participated in intercomparison exercises conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2014, 2015 and 2018 to validate the laboratory's accuracy and performance.

External beam radiotherapy synergizes ¹⁸⁸Re-liposome against human esophageal cancer xenograft and modulates ¹⁸⁸Re-liposome pharmacokinetics.

External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) treats gross tumors and local microscopic diseases. Radionuclide therapy by radioisotopes can eradicate tumors systemically. Rhenium 188 ((188)Re)-liposome, a nanoparticle undergoing clinical trials, emits gamma rays for imaging validation and beta rays for therapy, with biodistribution profiles preferential to tumors.

Extended acute toxicity study of (188) Re-liposome in rats.

Liposomes can selectively target cancer sites and carry payloads, thereby improving diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness as well as reducing toxicity. To evaluate therapeutic strategies, it is essential to use animal models reflecting important safety aspects before clinical application. As our previous study found that a high dosage (185 of MBq) of (188) Re-N,N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine-labeled pegylated liposomes ((188) Re-liposome) induced a decrease in white blood cell (WBC) count in Sprague-Dawley rats 7 days postinjection, the objective of the present study was to investigate extended acute radiotoxicity of (188) Re-liposome.

Correlation between radioactivity and chemotherapeutics of the (111)In-VNB-liposome in pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rats.

Background: The combination of a radioisotope with a chemotherapeutic agent in a liposomal carrier (ie, Indium-111-labeled polyethylene glycol pegylated liposomal vinorelbine, [(111)In-VNB-liposome]) has been reported to show better therapeutic efficiency in tumor growth suppression. Nevertheless, the challenge remains as to whether this therapeutic effect is attributable to the combination of a radioisotope with chemotherapeutics. The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and correlation of Indium-111 radioactivity and vinorelbine concentration in the (111)In-VNB-liposome.

Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 188Re-liposomes and their comparative therapeutic efficacy with 5-fluorouracil in C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mice.

Background: Nanoliposomes are designed as carriers capable of packaging drugs through passive targeting tumor sites by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. In the present study the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, micro single-photon emission computed tomography (micro-SPECT/CT) image, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of (188)Re-labeled nanoliposomes ((188)Re-liposomes) in a C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model were evaluated.

Methods: Colon carcinoma peritoneal metastatic BALB/c mice were intravenously administered (188)Re-liposomes.

Multimodality imaging and preclinical evaluation of 177Lu-AMBA for human prostate tumours in a murine model.

AMBA (DO3A-CH(2)CO-G-(4-aminobenzoyl)-QWAVGHLM-NH(2)) is a bombesin (BN)-like peptide having high affinity with gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPr).(177)Lu-AMBA is currently undergoing clinical trial as a systemic radiotherapy for hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients. This study evaluated the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, bioluminescent imaging (BLI) and microSPECT/CT imaging of (177)Lu-AMBA in PC-3M-luc-C6 luciferase-expressing human prostate tumour-bearing mice.

Preliminary evaluation of acute toxicity of (188) Re-BMEDA-liposome in rats.

Liposomes can selectively target cancer sites and carry payloads, thereby improving diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness and reducing toxicity. To evaluate therapeutic strategies, it is essential to use animal models reflecting important safety aspects before clinical application. The objective of this study was to investigate acute radiotoxicity of ¹⁸⁸Re-N,N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA)-labeled pegylated liposomes (¹⁸⁸Re-BMEDA-liposome) in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Therapeutic efficacy and microSPECT/CT imaging of 188Re-DXR-liposome in a C26 murine colon carcinoma solid tumor model.

Nanocarriers can selectively target cancer sites and carry payloads, thereby improving diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness and reducing toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a new co-delivery radiochemotherapeutics of (188)Re-N,N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA)-labeled pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DXR) ((188)Re-DXR-liposome) in a C26 murine colon carcinoma solid tumor model. To evaluate the targeting and localization of (188)Re-DXR-liposome in C26 murine tumor-bearing mice, biodistribution, microSPECT/CT imaging and pharmacokinetic studies were performed.

Noninvasive bioluminescent and microPET imaging for the regulation of NF-kappaB in human hepatoma-bearing mice.

Unlabelled: The activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a nuclear transcription factor, influences both critical tumor promotion and host-tumor interactions. Preventing NF-kappaB activation may thus inhibit the development of cancer. Therefore, development of easy and rapid methods to evaluate the regulation of NF-kappaB is needed for drug discovery.

Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and PET imaging of [(18)F]FMISO, [(18)F]FDG and [(18)F]FAc in a sarcoma- and inflammation-bearing mouse model.

Unlabelled: 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-d-glucose ([(18)F]FDG), [(18)F]fluoroacetate ([(18)F]FAc) and [(18)F]fluoromisonidazole ([(18)F]FMISO) were all considered to be positron emission tomography (PET) probes for tumor diagnosis, though based on different rationale of tissue uptake. This study compared the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and imaging of these three tracers in a sarcoma- and inflammation-bearing mouse model.

Methods: C3H mice were inoculated with 2x10(5) KHT sarcoma cells in the right thigh on Day 0.

Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of transgenic pig-produced recombinant human factor IX (rhFIX) in rats.

Background: Recombinant human factor IX (rhFIX) is a 56 kDa glycoprotein with full biological activity providing a guarantee of freedom from blood-borne viral contamination in the therapy of hemophilia B, but no data are available on the distribution of transgenic pig-produced rhFIX post injection (p.i.).

Comparative dosimetric evaluation of nanotargeted (188)Re-(DXR)-liposome for internal radiotherapy.

Unlabelled: A dosimetric analysis was performed to evaluate nanoliposomes as carriers of radionuclides ((188)Re-liposomes) and radiochemotherapeutic drugs [(188)Re-doxorubicin (DXR)-liposomes] in internal radiotherapy for colon carcinoma, as evaluated in mice.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic data for (188)Re-N, N-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-N',N'-diethylethylenediamine (BMEDA), (188)Re-liposome, and (188)Re-DXR-liposome were obtained for the estimation of absorbed doses in tumors and normal organs. Two colon carcinoma mouse models were employed: subcutaneous growing solid tumor and malignant ascites pervading tumor models.

Longitudinal microSPECt/CT imaging and pharmacokinetics of synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) vaccine in rats.

Background: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-derived decapeptide-based vaccines have been used in studies of immunocastration and immunotherapy of prostate cancer, but no image data are available on the kinetics of vaccines post injection (p.i.).

Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and microSPECT/CT imaging of 188Re-bMEDA-liposome in a C26 murine colon carcinoma solid tumor animal model.

Nanoliposomes are useful carriers in drug delivery. Radiolabeled nanoliposomes have potential applications in radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging. In this study, the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 188Re-BMEDA-labelled pegylated liposomes (RBLPL) and unencapsulated 188Re-BMEDA administered by the i.

Insulin-like growth factor 1 stimulates KCl cotransport, which is necessary for invasion and proliferation of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer cells.

The mechanisms by which insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) cooperates with membrane ion transport system to modulate epithelial cell motility and proliferation remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of electroneutral KCl cotransport (KCC), in IGF-1-dependent invasiveness and proliferation of cervical and ovarian cancer cells. IGF-1 increased KCC activity and mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in parallel with the enhancement of regulatory volume decrease.

Competitive inhibition of the capsaicin receptor-mediated current by dehydroepiandrosterone in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.

The effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (5-androsten-3beta-ol-17-one; DHEA) and related steroids on the capsaicin receptor-mediated current were studied in acutely dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion neurons using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. DHEA rapidly and reversibly inhibited the capsaicin-induced current in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC(50) of 6.7 microM and a maximal inhibition of 100%.