Optimizing analytical precision in the identification of synthetic cathinones and isomers: a comparative assessment of diverse GC-MS operating parameters.

Analyzing new psychoactive substances (NPSs) in forensic laboratories present a formidable challenge globally. Within illicit drug analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) emerges as a robust analytical tool. This study endeavors to assess and compare peak resolution in the analysis of illicit drugs, specifically focusing on 21 synthetic cathinones, encompassing 9 cathinone isomers.

Protective effect of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on immunoglobulin A nephropathy through toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway.

Objective: To examine the nephroprotective mechanism of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (, MHCD) in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) rats.

Methods: To establish the IgAN rat model, the bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide, and carbon tetrachloride 4 method was employed. The rats were then randomly assigned to the control, model, telmisartan, and high-, medium-, and low-dose MHCD groups, and were administered the respective treatments via intragastric administration for 8 weeks.

Ameliorative effects of Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on podocyte injury via autophagy mediated by PI3K/AKT/mTOR and AMPK/mTOR pathways.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Proteinuria is recognized as a risk factor for the exacerbation of chronic kidney disease. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) has distinct advantages in reducing proteinuria. Our previous experimental results have shown that MHCD can inhibit excessive autophagy.

Ferroptosis is involved in passive Heymann nephritis in rats.

Ferroptosis is found to be involved in some experimental models of kidney diseases, but its role in membrane nephropathy (MN) is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore whether ferroptosis occurred in MN, and the role of ferritinophagy. In this study, passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) rats were induced by single tail vein injection of anti-Fx1A serum, and normal rats were used as control.

Integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of a patient with podocyte infolding glomerulopathy: A case report.

Background: Podocyte infolding glomerulopathy (PIG) is a newly described and rare glomerular disease. To date, only approximately 40 cases have been reported globally.

Case Summary: A 26-year-old female patient presented to our hospital with a complaint of intermittent edema of both lower limbs over the past 2 years.

Effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicine on IgA nephropathy.

Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, that causes serious physical and psychological burden to patients worldwide. Some traditional treatment measures, such as blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controlling blood pressure, and following a low-protein diet, may not achieve satisfactory results. Therefore, more effective and safe therapies for IgAN are urgently needed.

Application of Self-Assembled Polyarylether Substrate in Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

The structure used in this study is as follows: substrate/PMMA/ZnS/Ag/MoO3/NPB/Alq3/LiF/Al. Here, PMMA serves as the surface flattening layer, ZnS/Ag/MoO3 as the anode, NPB as the hole injection layer, Alq3 as the emitting layer, LiF as the electron injection layer, and aluminum as the cathode. The properties of the devices with different substrates were investigated using P4 and glass, developed in the laboratory, as well as commercially available PET.

Potential benefits of spicy food consumption on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes: A cohort study of the China Kadoorie Biobank.

Objectives: Dietary capsaicin from spicy foods has potential benefits for those with cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs). However, to our knowledge there is no evidence linking spicy food consumption with cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the association between spicy food consumption and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in individuals with diabetes from the CKB (China Kadoorie Biobank) study and to provide evidence-based dietary recommendations for those with CMDs.

Ferroptosis: A new mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for treating acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health concern owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates, to which there are no drugs or treatment methods, except for renal replacement therapy. Therefore, identifying novel therapeutic targets and drugs for treating AKI is urgent. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and lipid-peroxidation-driven regulatory form of cell death and is closely associated with the occurrence and development of AKI.

N-/T-Type vs. L-Type Calcium Channel Blocker in Treating Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCB) are often used together in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to explore better subtypes of CCB for the treatment of CKD. This meta-analysis of 12 RCTs with 967 CKD patients who were treated with RAS inhibitors demonstrated that, when compared with L-type CCB, N-/T-type CCB was superior in reducing urine albumin/protein excretion (SMD, -0.

Clinical efficacy of supplementing qi dispelling wind and activating blood circulation method in the treatment of IgA nephropathy: A meta-analysis.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary glomerular disease, and supplementing qi dispelling wind and activating blood is commonly used as a treatment method in Chinese medicine. However, the existing studies have small sample sizes. This study aimed to use a meta-analysis to explore the clinical efficacy of this method and to systematically introduce this effective treatment.

Effects of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on the IL-17 signaling pathway in an IgA nephropathy rat model.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is an immune-related primary glomerular disease prevalent worldwide, with complicated clinical manifestations and an unclear pathogenesis. IgAN is the main cause of chronic renal failure and places a significant burden on patients and society. The modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) is an effective prescription for the clinical treatment of IgAN while its specific mechanism remains to be further elucidated.

Efficiency Analysis of Fuel Cell Components with Ionic Poly-Arylether Composite Membrane.

We use polyethylene glycol as an additive to explore how the hydrogen bonding of this additive changes the properties of SA8 blended sulfonated polyetheretherketone (SPEEK) composite films. We mixed a 5%wt polyethylene glycol solution into a 12.5%wt SA8 solution, and then prepared a film with a total weight of 40 g at a ratio of 1:99.

Traditional Chinese medicine compounds ameliorating glomerular diseases via autophagy: A mechanism review.

Glomerular diseases are major components of kidney disease, mainly manifested as podocyte disease, immune complex-associated glomerulonephritis, and renal autoimmune disease. They are the third leading cause of end-stage renal disease, especially in younger populations. Podocyte death or shedding is a key factor in the progression of glomerular diseases, and autophagy plays an important role in maintaining podocyte homeostasis.

Electric Field-Assisted Filling of Sulfonated Polymers in ePTFE Backing Material for Fuel Cell.

This study fabricated a composite ePTFE-backed proton-exchange membrane by filling the pores on the ePTFE backing with sulfonated polyarylene ethers through an externally supplied electric field. The morphology changes were observed under an SEM. The results suggested that the application of an electric field had led to the effective filling of pores by polymers.

Ionomer Membranes Produced from Hexaarylbenzene-Based Partially Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether) Blends for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.

In this study, a series of high molecular weight ionomers of hexaarylbenzene- and fluorene-based poly(arylene ether)s were synthesized conveniently through condensation and post-sulfonation modification. The use a of blending method might increase the stacking density of chains and affect the formation both of interchain and intrachain proton transfer clusters. Multiscale phase separation caused by the dissolution and compatibility differences of blend ionomer in high-boiling-point solvents was examined through analysis and simulations.

Efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main causes of death in the world, and the incidence of AMI is increasing in the young population. Drug-coated balloon (DCB) has become an effective concept for the treatment of in-stent restenosis, small vessel disease, bifurcation lesions, high blood risk conditions, and even de novo large vessel disease. To ensure whether DCB can play an alternative role in AMI, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DCB in the treatment of AMI.

Efficacy of Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction in alleviating renal fibrosis in rats with IgA nephropathy by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through exosome regulation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: IgA nephropathy is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis and is a major cause of renal failure worldwide. Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD), a traditional Chinese herbal preparation, has clinical efficacy in reducing the 24-h urine protein levels in patients with IgA nephropathy. However, the molecular mechanism of MHCD needs further study.

Analysis of Ferroptosis-Related Gene Expression and Prognostic Factors of Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Based on TCGA Database.

Introduction: Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common tumor of the urinary system, most of which are primary malignant tumors with high metastatic rate and remaining incurable. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of iron-dependent programmed cell necrosis in recent years, which is inextricably linked to the occurrence and development of tumors progression. Due to the complexity of the interaction between genes in ccRCC, the research on the pathogenesis of ccRCC is still not remarkably accurate.

Efficacy and safety of dual vs single renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in chronic kidney disease: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: To lower albuminuria and to achieve blood pressure (BP) goals, dual renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are sometimes used in clinical practice for the treatment of CKD. However, the efficacy and safety of dual RAAS blockade therapy remains controversial.

Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched, and random effects model was used to calculate the effect sizes of eligible studies.

Modified Huangqi Chifeng Decoction Attenuates Proteinuria by Reducing Podocyte Injury in a Rat Model of Immunoglobulin a Nephropathy.

Modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) has been used to reduce proteinuria in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) for many years. Previously, we have demonstrated its protective role in glomerular mesangial cells. Podocyte injury, another key factor associated with proteinuria in IgAN, has also attracted increasing attention.

Efficacy and Safety of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Combination with Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers in Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: It is unclear whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in combination with angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) are superior to ACEIs or ARBs alone in the treatment of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present meta-analysis was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of ACEIs in combination with ARBs in nondiabetic CKD.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published prior to March 2020.

Efficacy and Safety of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor in Combination with Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker in Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Dose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the controversy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) in combination with angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) in the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on dose. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to March 2020. The random effects model was used to calculate the effect sizes.