Bacterial biofilms play a crucial role in the emergence of antibiotic resistance and the persistence of chronic infections. The challenge of effectively eradicating bacterial biofilms while ensuring minimal toxicity to normal cells persists. Carbon-based artificial nanoenzymes have attracted considerable attention as emerging nanotheranostic agents, owing to their biocompatibility, cost-effectiveness, and straightforward synthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViruses can be designed to be tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy. Their nanometre-scale size and shape allow for functionalization with or encapsulation of medical cargoes and tissue-specific ligands. Importantly, immunotherapies may particularly benefit from the inherent immunomodulatory properties of viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Group 2 innate lymphocytes (ILC2s) are prevalent in small intestine but engagement of type 2 immunity during basal processes are incompletely described. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a cytokine implicated in ILC2 activation, was constitutively expressed in villus telocytes and crypt-associated trophocytes, specialized fibroblasts that sustain epithelial identity. Feeding increased TSLP and induced ILC2 type 2 cytokines that were attenuated by deletion of TSLP in PDGFRα stromal cells or TSLP receptor on ILC2s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe original Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm has the problems of unstable optimization effect and easy to fall into stagnation. However, most of the improved HHO algorithms can not effectively improve the ability of the algorithm to jump out of the local optimum. In this regard, an integrated improved HHO (IIHHO) algorithm is proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
March 2024
Surface modification is a highly effective strategy for addressing issues in lithium-rich layered oxide (LLO) cathodes, including phase transformation, particle cracking, oxygen gas release, and transition-metal ion dissolution. Existing single-/double-layer coating strategies face drawbacks such as poor component contact and complexity. Herein, we present the results of a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for creating a TiO/AlO bilayer on composite cathodes made of AS200 (LiNiCoMnO).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiversity and biomass play an important role in grassland ecosystem functions. However, diversity and biomass are variable because of their high sensitivity to environmental change in natural ecosystems. How plant diversity, biomass, and driving factors (climates, soils, and plants) in grasslands vary with environmental change remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) plays a key role in the deterioration of lung hemodynamics and contributes to secondary dysfunction of the right heart, which is consistently accompanied by systemic malperfusion and a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The prognosis of CTEPH is markedly influenced by renal function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of GFR in patients with CTEPH who have undergone balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolyacrylamide gel (PAG) is extensively used as a matrix for biomolecular analysis and fractionation. However, the traditional polymerization catalyst system ,,','-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED)/ammonium persulphate (APS) of PAG presents non-negligible toxicity. Herein, we utilized the green and efficient bio-enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to catalyze the gel polymerization of polyacrylamide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRwanda is known as the heart of Africa, reflecting the history of the world. Colonization and genocide have led to Rwanda's existing genetic structure. Herein, we used massively parallel sequencing to analyze 296 loci in 185 Rwandans and constructed a database for Rwandan forensic data for the first time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB), which precisely bio-synthesize magnetosomes of magnetite or greigite nanoparticles, have attracted broad interdisciplinary interests in microbiology, magnetic materials, biotechnology and geobiology. Previous experimental and numerical investigations demonstrate a close link among MTB species, magnetosome crystal habits, and magnetic characteristics, but quantitative constraints are currently lacking. In this study, we build three-dimensional finite-element micromagnetic models of intact magnetosome chains in common MTB species and corresponding collapsed chains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReconstructions of ocean oxygenation are critical for understanding the role of respired carbon storage in regulating atmospheric CO. Independent sediment redox proxies are essential to assess such reconstructions. Here, we present a long magnetofossil record from the eastern Indian Ocean in which we observe coeval magnetic hardening and enrichment of larger, more elongated, and less oxidized magnetofossils during glacials compared to interglacials over the last ~900 ka.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis research presents the optimization and proposal of P- and N-type 3-stacked SiGe/Si strained super-lattice FinFETs (SL FinFET) using Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD) epitaxy. Three device structures, Si FinFET, SiGe FinFET, and SiGe/Si SL FinFET, were comprehensively compared with HfO = 4 nm/TiN = 80 nm. The strained effect was analyzed using Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (RSM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelenoprotein W (Selenow) is a ~9 kDa selenoprotein suggested to play a beneficial role in resolving inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. expression in the human GI tract using ScRNAseq Gut Cell Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases revealed its expression in the small intestine and colonic epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and stem cells and correlated with a protective effect in ulcerative colitis patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPectin polymers are considered for lithium-ion battery electrodes. To understand the performance of pectin as an applied buffer layer, the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of pectin films are investigated. This work describes a methodology for creating pectin films, including both pristine pectin and Fe-doped pectin, which are optically translucent, and explores their potential for lithium-ion battery application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkin is exposed to various environmental assaults and undergoes morphological changes immediately after birth. Proper localization and function of immune cells in the skin is crucial for protection and establishment of skin tissue homeostasis. Here we report the discovery of a developmentally programmed process that directs preferential localization of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells to the skin for early local homeostatic regulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacrophages play a pivotal role in mediating inflammation and subsequent resolution of inflammation. The availability of selenium as a micronutrient and the subsequent biosynthesis of selenoproteins, containing the 21 amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), are important for the physiological functions of macrophages. Selenoproteins regulate the redox tone in macrophages during inflammation, the early onset of which involves oxidative burst of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, lung tissue was collected from nursery piglets suspected of being infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in a large‑scale pig farm in Sichuan, China. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription quantitative‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) methods were used to ensure that no other pathogens were present. Virus isolation was also carried out where the presence of PRRSV was determined by indirect immunoinfluscent assay (IFA).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV) plays a role in satiation and serum lipid transport. In diet-induced obesity (DIO) C57BL/6J mice, ApoA-IV deficiency induced in ApoA-IV-/-knock-out (KO mice) resulted in increased bodyweight, insulin resistance (IR) and plasma free fatty acid (FFA), which was partially reversed by stable ApoA-IV-green fluorescent protein (KO-A4-GFP) transfection in KO mice. DIO KO mice exhibited increased M1 macrophages in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) as well as in the blood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study, we explored the potential of applying biosensors based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (bio-NWFETs) as molecular absorption sensors. Using quercetin and Copper (Cu) ion as an example, we demonstrated the use of an opto-FET approach for the detection of molecular interactions. We found that photons with wavelengths of 450 nm were absorbed by the molecular complex, with the absorbance level depending on the Cu concentration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne of the challenges in integrating nanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials in optoelectromechanical technologies is characterizing their dynamic properties from vibrational displacement. Multiple calibration schemes using optical interferometry have tackled this challenge. However, these techniques are limited only to optically thin resonators with an optimal vacuum gap height and substrate for interferometric detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDemodex mites are commensal parasites of hair follicles (HFs). Normally asymptomatic, inflammatory outgrowth of mites can accompany malnutrition, immune dysfunction, and aging, but mechanisms restricting Demodex outgrowth are not defined. Here, we show that control of mite HF colonization in mice required group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and its receptor, IL-4Ra-IL-13Ra1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials (vdW NMRs) provide a new tool for sensing absorbed laser power. The photothermal response of vdW NMRs, quantified from the resonant frequency shifts induced by optical absorption, is enhanced when incorporated in a Fabry-Pérot (FP) interferometer. Along with the enhancement comes the dependence of the photothermal response on NMR displacement, which lacks investigation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScope: Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for many metabolic syndromes such as NAFLD and T2DM. ApoA4 improves glucose hemostasis by increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose uptake via PI3K-Akt activation in adipocytes. However, whether ApoA4 has an effect on hepatic steatosis or IR remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe beam scanner is a predominant part in the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system to achieve three-dimensional (3D) imaging. The solid-state beam-steering device has emerged as a promising candidate technology for a beam scanner with the advantages of robustness, stability, and high scanning speed. Here we propose a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) LiDAR system with an in-fiber solid-state beam scanner.
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