Correction to: Effect of red and black ginseng on cholinergic markers, presynaptic markers, and neurotrophins in the brain of aged mice.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0235-7.].

Development of a Real-Time TaqMan PCR Method for Absolute Quantification of the Biocontrol Agent .

has been used as an effective biocontrol agent for the management of the pinewood nematode, . Tools for monitoring the colonization and parasitism patterns of are required for the development of highly effective biocontrol strategies. Because the TaqMan PCR technique is effective for quantification of species in environmental samples, a real-time PCR-based methodology was developed for absolute quantification of via internal standard addition and extrapolation of DNA quantity to hyphal length.

In vivo infection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by the fungus Esteya vermicola.

Background: As the causal agent of pine wilt disease, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a serious pathogen of forest pine trees. Esteya vermicola is a nematophagous fungus of B. xylophilus and exhibits great potential as a biological control agent.

A pine wood sample preparation method for high target and quality DNA extraction for detection of Esteya vermicola by PCR from living pine.

Esteya vermicola is an endophytic fungus of pine wood nematode with demonstrated biocontrol efficacy. At present, the methods for detection of this fungus from pine wood is still inconvenient and inefficient such as thin-section microscopic observations. In the present study, a simple protocol was developed for wood sample preparation for effective extraction of fungal DNA from wood samples for PCR detection.

Effect of red and black ginseng on cholinergic markers, presynaptic markers, and neurotrophins in the brain of aged mice.

This study investigated the effects of chronic administration of red ginseng extract (RGE) and black ginseng extract (BGE) on memory impairment in aged (18-month-old) mice. RGE and BGE (200 mg/kg) were orally administered for 16 weeks. Aging induced DNA damage; however, RGE and BGE protected DNA from damage and allowed for DNA recovery in blood lymphocytes.

Chronic dietary ginseng extract administration ameliorates antioxidant and cholinergic systems in the brains of aged mice.

Background: Black ginseng has a more potent biological activity than non-steamed ginseng. We investigated the effects of long-term intake of dietary black ginseng extract (BG) on antioxidant activity in aged mice. We also compared the effects of BG on cognitive deficits with those of white ginseng extract (WG) and red ginseng extract (RG).

The promotion of hair regrowth by topical application of a Perilla frutescens extract through increased cell viability and antagonism of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone.

This study investigated the potential hair regrowth effects associated with a plant extract of Perilla frutescens, which was selected due to its putative hair regrowth activity. Extracts were prepared from dried P. frutescens suspended in distilled water, where the resultant aqueous suspension was fractionated sequentially using hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water.

Black ginseng extract ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in rats.

Background: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-characterized medicinal herb listed in the classic oriental herbal dictionary as "Shin-nong-bon-cho-kyung." Ginseng has diverse pharmacologic and therapeutic properties. Black ginseng (BG, Ginseng Radix nigra) is produced by repeatedly steaming fresh ginseng nine times.

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of cinnamaldehyde.

Background: Plant parasitic nematodes are harmful to agricultural crops and plants, and may cause severe yield losses. Cinnamaldehyde, a volatile, yellow liquid commonly used as a flavoring or food additive, is increasingly becoming a popular natural nematicide because of its high nematicidal activity and, there is a high demand for the development of a biological platform to produce cinnamaldehyde.

Results: We engineered Escherichia coli as an eco-friendly biological platform for the production of cinnamaldehyde.

Anatomic Characteristics Associated with Head Splitting in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.).

Cabbage belonging to Brassicaceae family is one of the most important vegetables cultivated worldwide. The economically important part of cabbage crop is head, formed by leaves which may be of splitting and non-splitting types. Cabbage varieties showing head splitting causes huge loss to the farmers and therefore finding the molecular and structural basis of splitting types would be helpful to breeders.

The effects of fluctuating culture temperature on stress tolerance and antioxidase expression in Esteya vermicola.

The endoparasitic nematophagous fungus, Esteya vermicola, has shown great potential as a biological control agent against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Fluctuating culture temperatures can affect fungal yields and fungal tolerance to desiccation, UV radiation, H2O2, and heat stress, as well as antioxidase expression. To explore these effects, E.

Exogenous stimulation with Eclipta alba promotes hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and downregulates TGF-β1 expression in nude mice.

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk (E. alba) is a traditionally acclaimed medicinal herb used for the promotion of hair growth.

Comparative hair restorer efficacy of medicinal herb on nude (Foxn1nu) mice.

Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk, Asiasarum sieboldii (Miq.) F.

The multi-herbal formula Chong-Myung-Tang improves spatial memory and increases cell genesis in the dentate gyrus of aged mice.

Chong-Myung-Tang (CMT) is a multi-herbal formula that has been used to improve memory. However, the potential mechanism remains unknown. The present study investigated the effects of CMT (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on spatial memory of aged mice.

Biocatalytic properties and substrate-binding ability of a modular GH10 β-1,4-xylanase from an insect-symbiotic bacterium, Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14.

The gene (1350-bp) encoding a modular β-1,4-xylanase (XylU), which consists of an N-terminal catalytic GH10 domain and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module 2 (CBM 2), from Streptomyces mexicanus HY-14 was cloned and functionally characterized. The purified His-tagged recombinant enzyme (rXylU, 44.0 kDa) was capable of efficiently hydrolyze diverse xylosidic compounds, p-nitrophenyl-cellobioside, and p-nitrophenyl-xylopyranoside when incubated at pH 5.

Optimization of storage condition for maintaining long-term viability of nematophagous fungus Esteya vermicola as biocontrol agent against pinewood nematode.

The fungus, Esteya vermicola has been proposed as biocontrol agent against pine wilting disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In this study, we reported the effects of temperature and different additives on the viability and biocontrol efficacy of E. vermicola formulated by alginate-clay.

Ameliorating Effect of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii on High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice.

The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (MA) in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Two groups were fed either a normal control diet or an HF (45% kcal fat) diet for 12 weeks and three groups were fed an HF diet supplemented with powdered MA (MAP, 1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The anti-obesity effects of MAP supplementation on body weight, fat mass development, and lipid-related markers were assessed.

Novel alkali-tolerant GH10 endo-β-1,4-xylanase with broad substrate specificity from Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum HY-17, a gut bacterium of the mole cricket Gryllotalpa orientalis.

The XylH gene (1,167-bp) encoding a novel hemicellulase (41,584 Da) was identified from the genome of Microbacterium trichothecenolyticum HY-17, a gastrointestinal bacterium of Gryllotalpa orientalis. The enzyme consisted of a single catalytic domain, which is 74% identical to that of an endo-β-1,4-xylanase (GH10) from Isoptericola variabilis 225. Unlike other endo-β- 1,4-xylanases from invertebrate-symbiotic bacteria, rXylH was an alkali-tolerant multifunctional enzyme possessing endo-β-1,4-xylanase activity together with β-1,3/β-1,4- glucanase activity, which exhibited its highest xylanolytic activity at pH 9.

Aqueous extract of red deer antler promotes hair growth by regulating the hair cycle and cell proliferation in hair follicles.

Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. The backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age.

Anti-obesity effects of black ginseng extract in high fat diet-fed mice.

Black ginseng is produced by a repeated steaming process. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of black ginseng ethanol extract (BG-EE) in high fat (HF) diet-fed mice. Two groups were fed either a normal control (NC) diet or a HF diet (45% kcal fat).

Comparison between conidia and blastospores of Esteya vermicola, an endoparasitic fungus of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Esteya vermicola, an endoparasitic fungus of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pinewood nematode (PWN), exhibits great potential as a biological control agent against this nematode. E. vermicola produces blastospores in liquid media and aerial conidia on solid media.

Compound K is able to ameliorate the impaired cognitive function and hippocampal neurogenesis following chemotherapy treatment.

Chemotherapy frequently results in neurocognitive deficits that include impaired learning and memory. Thus, it is important to prevent or ameliorate the persistence of cognitive impairment. Compound K was employed to examine the ameliorating effect on chronic treatment with cyclophosphamide.

UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis for Steaming Times-dependent Profiling of Steamed Panax quinquefolius and Its Ginsenosides Transformations Induced by Repetitious Steaming.

The metabolic profiles of Panax quinquefolius and its associated therapeutic values are critically affected by the repetitious steaming times. The times-dependent steaming effect of P. quinquefolius is not well-characterized and there is also no official guideline on its times of steaming.

Encapsulated fat necrosis mimicking subcutaneous liposarcoma: radiologic findings on MR, PET-CT, and US imaging.

We present a case of a subcutaneous encapsulated fat necrosis of the upper extremity that mimicked subcutaneous liposarcoma because of heterogeneous signal intensity, its relatively large size, and pronounced enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). For this case, we present the radiologic findings including MRI, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), ultrasonography, and radiography. We emphasize the imaging features of this lesion, which has a fibrous capsule and briefly discuss its nomenclature and pathophysiology.