Characteristics of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis at Diagnosis in Korea: Results From a Multicenter, Registry-Based, Inception Cohort Study.

Background: We aimed to investigate the characteristics of pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) at diagnosis in Korea.

Methods: This was a multicenter, registry-based, inception cohort study conducted in Korea between 2021 and 2023. Children and adolescents newly diagnosed with UC < 18 years were included.

Traumatic Anterior Cervical Disc Herniation Presenting as Severe Dysphagia.

Due to the anatomical characteristics of the cervical spine, few cases of traumatic anterior cervical disc herniation have been reported in the literature. Here, we present a rare case of a traumatic anterior cervical disc herniation presenting as severe dysphagia. A 75-year-old male patient presented with severe dysphagia following an accident three days prior when he fell from a height of stairs.

Differences in Growth and Dietary and Nutrient Intake Patterns by Breastfeeding Status Over One Year Among Korean Children Aged 24-35 Months.

Background: A previous national study found that Korean children who were breastfed for at least one year had lesser weight gain, lower protein, calcium, and iron intake relative to calories, and different dietary patterns in the second year of life, compared with children weaned before 12 months of age or those who were never breastfed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether growth status, dietary and nutrient intake patterns differed by prolonged breastfeeding (PBF) experience even in the third year of life, when weaning is considered complete.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the data of children aged 24 to 35 months from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2020).

Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) varies significantly in incidence and prevalence across countries and regions. We aimed to examine global, regional, and national trends in incidence and prevalence of AIH from 1970 to 2022.

Methods: We conducted a thorough search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases from database inception to August 9, 2023, using the search term "autoimmune hepatitis" in combination with "incidence," "prevalence," or "trend.

Open Surgery for Osteoporotic Compression Fracture Within One Month of Single Level Balloon Kyphoplasty.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the reasons for open surgery performed within one month of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) for osteoporotic compression fractures.

Methods: This study included 15 patients treated with open surgery within one month of BKP in our institution from 2013 to 2020. Among them, 10 patients underwent BKP in our institution and 5 patients were transferred because of adverse events after undergoing BKP at another hospital.

Acute Paraparesis Caused by Spinal Epidural Fluid After Balloon Kyphoplasty for Traumatic Avascular Necrosis: A Case Report.

Minimally invasive procedures, such as percutaneous vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty (BK), eliminate motion at the fracture site and relieve pain associated with traumatic avascular necrosis when conservative treatment fails. However, these are associated with complications, most of which are directly related to cement leakage. Herein, we report a rare case of acute paraparesis caused by spinal cord compression by epidural fluid following BK for the treatment of Kummell's disease in the absence of cement leakage.

Massive Epidural Hematoma Caused by Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty: A Case Report.

Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) has been used to manage chronic back pain or radicular pain refractory to other conservative treatments, such as medication, injection, and physical therapy. However, similar to all invasive treatment modalities, it has serious complications, such as dural tears, infections, and hematoma formation. Herein, we present a rare case of an 81-year-old female patient on dementia medication who developed paraplegia 5 days after PEN.

Influence Mechanism of Gas Pressure on Multiscale Dynamic Apparent Diffusion-Permeability of Coalbed Methane.

The permeability and diffusion coefficient of coal show multiscale characteristics due to the influence of multiscale pore sizes. The gas pressure will continuously decrease during the coalbed methane (CBM) extraction. However, there are contradictory perceptions in the effect of gas pressure on the diffusion coefficient and permeability.

Risk Factors of Restenosis After Full Endoscopic Foraminotomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Case-Control Study.

Objective: To investigate risk factors associated with postoperative restenosis after full endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (FELF) in patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS).

Methods: A single-center, retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients diagnosed with foraminal stenosis who underwent FELF between August 2019 and April 2022. The study included 56 patients, comprising 18 cases and 38 controls.

The Current Status of Prolonged Breastfeeding and Its Related Factors in Korean Infants and Their Mothers: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: International authorities recommend prolonged breastfeeding (PBF) for 12-24 months or more with 6 months of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). Based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data, this study attempted to help encourage and educate breastfeeding (BF) over 1 year by investigating long-term BF trends and related factors in Korean infants and their mothers.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data on children aged 12-23 months and their mothers from 2010 to 2020.

Presenilin-2 knock-In mice show severe depressive behavior via DVL3 downregulation.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Depression is one of the most critical psychiatric complications of AD, and 20%-30% of patients with AD experience symptoms of depression. Phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) is known to be associated with AD and depression.

Complications of Cervical Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Narrative Analysis.

Background: There are no systematic evidence-based medical data on the complications of endoscopic cervical spinal surgery. This narrative analysis compiled data from various studies that examined endoscopic complications, such as cervical disc herniation and foraminal stenosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic surgery in cervical radiculopathy.

NaCl-mediated strategies for the trade-off between Cd bioconcentration and translocation in Solanum nigrum L.

Salt interference significantly affects the behavior of heavy metals in the environment. This study compared and analyzed the response process, migration, and transformation of cadmium (Cd) in the hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum (S. nigrum) under different NaCl levels to reveal the interference mechanisms of salt in plant remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.

Growth, Nutritional Status, and Dietary Intake Patterns Associated With Prolonged Breastfeeding in Young Korean Children: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Although the optimal duration of breastfeeding remains unclear, breastfeeding is generally recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life, which continues into late infancy. However, the awareness regarding the effects of long-term breastfeeding is relatively low compared with that of breastfeeding in early infancy. We aimed to investigate the growth and nutritional characteristics of the children with prolonged breastfeeding (PBF) over 1 year.

Complications and Management of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery.

In the past, the use of endoscopic spine surgery was limited to intervertebral discectomy; however, it has recently become possible to treat various spinal degenerative diseases, such as spinal stenosis and foraminal stenosis, and the treatment range has also expanded from the lumbar spine to the cervical and thoracic regions. However, as endoscopic spine surgery develops and its indications widen, more diverse and advanced surgical techniques are being introduced, and the complications of endoscopic spine surgery are also increasing accordingly. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE databases to identify articles on endoscopic spinal surgery, and key words were set as "endoscopic spinal surgery," "endoscopic cervical foramoinotomy," "PECD," "percutaneous transforaminal discectomy," "percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy," "PELD," "PETD," "PEID," "YESS" and "TESSYS.

How does phosphorus influence Cd tolerance strategy in arbuscular mycorrhizal - Phragmites australis symbiotic system?

To clarify how phosphorus (P) influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interactions with host plants, we measured the effects of variation in environmental P levels and AMF colonization on photosynthesis, element absorption, ultrastructure, antioxidant capacity, and transcription mechanisms in Phragmites australis (P. australis) under cadmium (Cd) stress. AMF maintained photosynthetic stability, element balance, subcellular integrity and enhanced antioxidant capacity by upregulating antioxidant gene expression.

Chitinase 3 like 1 deficiency ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury by inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization.

Chitinase 3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) is involved in various infectious diseases, especially sepsis. Aberrant CHI3L1 expression potentially plays a critical role in chronic inflammation because a considerable number of macrophages are associated with immune/inflammatory diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of CHI3L1 on hepatic sepsis injury using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model.

Distinct Clinical and Laboratory Features of COVID-19 in Children During the Pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron Wave.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern exhibit distinct features in terms of transmissibility and virulence. This study compared the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children during pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron waves.

Methods: Medical records of 1163 children <19 years of age with COVID-19 admitted to a designated hospital in Seoul, South Korea, were analyzed.

A Natural CHI3L1-Targeting Compound, Ebractenoid F, Inhibits Lung Cancer Cell Growth and Migration and Induces Apoptosis by Blocking CHI3L1/AKT Signals.

Our previous big data analyses reported a strong association between CHI3L1 expression and lung tumor development. In this present study, we investigated whether a CHI3L1-inhibiting natural compound, ebractenoid F, inhibits lung cancer cell growth and migration and induces apoptosis. Ebractenoid F concentration-dependently (0, 17, 35, 70 µM) and significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of A549 and H460 lung cancer cells and induced apoptosis.

Bee Venom Triggers Autophagy-Induced Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells via the mTOR Signaling Pathway.

In oriental medicine, bee venom has long been used as a therapeutic agent against inflammatory diseases. Several studies have reported that isolated and purified bee venom components are effective in treating dementia, arthritis, inflammation, bacterial infections, and cancer. In previous studies, we reported that bee venom inhibits cell growth and induces apoptotic cell death in lung cancer cells.

Tracheostomy Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Plating in Trauma Patients: Is It Safe?

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and necessity of tracheostomy after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with plating, despite the close proximity of the two surgical skin incisions.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with traumatic cervical fractures or spinal cord injury (SCI) who underwent single-level ACDF and plating between January 2014 and June 2019 were included in this study. The patients included 45 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 48.

Camera Motion Agnostic Method for Estimating 3D Human Poses.

Although the performance of 3D human pose and shape estimation methods has improved considerably in recent years, existing approaches typically generate 3D poses defined in a camera or human-centered coordinate system. This makes it difficult to estimate a person's pure pose and motion in a world coordinate system for a video captured using a moving camera. To address this issue, this paper presents a camera motion agnostic approach for predicting 3D human pose and mesh defined in the world coordinate system.

ArbGaze: Gaze Estimation from Arbitrary-Sized Low-Resolution Images.

The goal of gaze estimation is to estimate a gaze vector from an image containing a face or eye(s). Most existing studies use pre-defined fixed-resolution images to estimate the gaze vector. However, images captured from in-the-wild environments may have various resolutions, and variation in resolution can degrade gaze estimation performance.