Supplementation with Fish Oil and Selenium Protects Lipolytic and Thermogenic Depletion of Adipose in Cachectic Mice Treated with an EGFR Inhibitor.

Lung cancer and cachexia are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cachexia is manifested by weight loss and white adipose tissue (WAT) atrophy. Limited nutritional supplements are conducive to lung cancer patients, whereas the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.

The Synergistic Effects of and on Alleviating Systemic Inflammation and Osteoarthritis Progression.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease that causes pain, stiffness, and inflammation in the affected joints. Currently, there are no effective treatments for preventing the worst outcomes, such as synovitis or cartilage degradation. and are common species found in the ocean or in freshwater areas.

Effects of hydroxyl group in cyclo(Pro-Tyr)-like cyclic dipeptides on their anti-QS activity and self-assembly.

We investigated the influence of hydroxyl groups on the anti-quorum-sensing (anti-QS) and anti-biofilm activity of structurally similar cyclic dipeptides, namely cyclo(-Pro--Tyr), cyclo(-Hyp--Tyr), and cyclo(-Pro--Phe), against PAO1. Cyclo(-Pro--Phe), lacking hydroxyl groups, displayed higher virulence factor inhibition and cytotoxicity, but showed less inhibitory ability in biofilm formation. Cyclo(-Pro--Tyr) and cyclo(-Hyp--Tyr) suppressed genes in both the and systems, whereas cyclo(-Pro--Phe) mainly downregulated I and R expression.

Cyclodextrin-Modified Amphiphilic Microgel with Bifunctional Domains for Infected Wound Healing via Photothermal Antibacterial Therapy and Nitric Oxide Release.

Bacterial infections are one of the major contributing factors to human mortality, which can cause secondary damage to the injured area, such as leading to inflammation, tissue death, and even personal death. Herein, we developed a novel cyclodextrin (CD)-modified amphiphilic microgel with a 3D network nanostructure that encapsulates hydrophilic indocyanine green (ICG) as a trigger for photothermal therapy (PTT) and hydrophobic ,'-disubstituted-butyl-,'-dinitro-1,4-benzenediamine (BNN6) as a heat-sensitive nitric oxide (NO) donor (CD@I-B) to cope with bacteria-infected wound therapy. This biocompatible microgel showed excellent broad-spectrum antibacterial capability under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation, while the photothermal conversion process promotes the deswelling of the microgel and release of NO, which synergistically accelerates wound healing.

Identification of heterochirality-mediated stereochemical interactions in peptide architectures.

In this work, we illustrate a strategy for constructing heterochiral peptide architectures with distinct structural, mechanical and thermal characteristics. A series of nanotube structures based on diphenylalanine (FF) and its chiral derivatives were examined. Pronounced effects relating to heterochirality on mechanostability and thermal stability can be identified.

Glycosylation increases the anti-QS as well as anti-biofilm and anti-adhesion ability of the cyclo (L-Trp-L-Ser) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections pose a huge threat to cystic fibrosis patients, as well as those suffering from immunodeficiency. Antimicrobial resistance, especially multi-drug resistance, due to its ability to aggregate the compact biofilm, makes it more inefficient to treat this pathogen with traditional antibiotics. Biofilm and quorum sensing (QS) have become the alternative targets for treating P.

Partial carbonization of quercetin boosts the antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza A virus.

Inflenza A viruses (IAVs) are highly transmissible and pathogenic Orthomyxoviruses, which have led to worldwide outbreaks and seasonal pandemics of acute respiratory diseases, causing serious threats to public health. Currently used anti-influenza drugs may cause neurological side effects, and they are increasingly less effective against mutant strains. To help prevent the spread of IAVs, in this work, we have developed quercetin-derived carbonized nanogels (CNGs) that display potent viral inhibitory, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities.

The dual-detection mode and improved photoresponse of IGZO-based photodetectors by interfacing with water-soluble biomaterials.

The use of conventional fabrication methods rapidly developed the performance and notable enhancements of optoelectronic devices. However, it proved challenging to develop and demonstrate stable optoelectronic devices with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties towards sustainable development and extensive applications. This study incorporates a water-soluble Cr-phycoerythrin (Cr-PE) biomaterial to observe its optical and electronic properties effects on the pristine indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO)-based photodetector.

Fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum inhibits infection and inflammation of Helicobacter pylori.

Having infected by Helicobacter pylori, the infection often leads to gastritis, gastric ulcer, or even gastric cancer. The disease is typically treated with antibiotics as they used to effectively inhibit or kill H. pylori, thus reducing the incidence of gastric adenoma and cancer to significant extent.

Topical application of fucoidan derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms through immunomodulation.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a T helper (Th) 2 cell-mediated allergic disease, which features increased number of immunocytes and level of Th2-associated cytokines. Fucoidan is well known a naturally occurring agent effectively ameliorating many AD symptoms. Though these alleviative effects are exhilarating, the mechanisms behind, however, are still rather limited.

Immunomodulation and mechanisms of fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus ameliorates atopic dermatitis symptoms.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-term allergic skin disorder that occurs most frequently in children. Currently, the common treatment of AD is corticosteroids; however, the drugs cause serious side effects. Therefore, there are many patients who seek complementary and alternative treatments such as healthy food.

Green Tea Polyphenol Catechins Inhibit Coronavirus Replication and Potentiate the Adaptive Immunity and Autophagy-Dependent Protective Mechanism to Improve Acute Lung Injury in Mice.

Effective antiviral therapeutics are urgently required to fight severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Because polyphenol catechins could confer antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antimicrobial activities, we assessed the therapeutic effects of catechins against SARS-CoV replication in Vero E6 cells, the preventive effect of catechins on CD25/CD69/CD94/CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes-mediated adaptive immunity, and the protective effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. We found that catechins containing 32.

Fish Oil, Se Yeast, and Micronutrient-Enriched Nutrition as Adjuvant Treatment during Target Therapy in a Murine Model of Lung Cancer.

Despite the effectiveness of primary treatment modalities for cancer, the side effects of treatments, medication resistance, and the deterioration of cachexia after disease progression lead to poor prognosis. A supportive treatment modality to overcome these limitations would be considered a major breakthrough. Here, we used two different target drugs to demonstrate whether a nutraceutical formula (fish oil, Se yeast, and micronutrient-enriched nutrition; NuF) can interfere with cancer cachexia and improve drug efficacy.

Positive Effects of Preventive Nutrition Supplement on Anticancer Radiotherapy in Lung Cancer Bearing Mice.

(1) : Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the major treatments for non-small cell lung cancer, but RT-associated toxicities usually impede its anticancer effect. Nutrient supplementation has been applied for cancer prevention or a complementary measure to anticancer therapy. Here, we explored the influence of total nutrition supplementation before and after cancer occurrence on the anticancer benefit and side effects of RT.

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Biological Evaluation for Bioactive Molecules Derived from Bacterial Benzoyl Coenzyme A Ligase and Plant Type III Polyketide Synthase.

Plant type III polyketide synthases produce diverse bioactive molecules with a great medicinal significance to human diseases. Here, we demonstrated versatility of a stilbene synthase (STS) from , which can accept various non-physiological substrates to form unnatural polyketide products. Three enzymes (4-coumarate CoA ligase, malonyl-CoA synthetase and engineered benzoate CoA ligase) along with synthetic chemistry was practiced to synthesize starter and extender substrates for STS.

Structural and chemical trapping of flavin-oxide intermediates reveals substrate-directed reaction multiplicity.

Though reactive flavin-N5/C4α-oxide intermediates can be spectroscopically profiled for some flavin-assisted enzymatic reactions, their exact chemical configurations are hardly visualized. Structural systems biology and stable isotopic labelling techniques were exploited to correct this stereotypical view. Three transition-like complexes, the α-ketoacid…N5-FMN complex (I), the FMN -N5-aloxyl-C'α -C4α zwitterion (II), and the FMN-N5-ethenol-N5-C4α-epoxide (III), were determined from mandelate oxidase (Hmo) or its mutant Y128F (monooxygenase) crystals soaked with monofluoropyruvate (a product mimic), establishing that N5 of FMN an alternative reaction center can polarize to an ylide-like mesomer in the active site.

The Combination of and Inhibits Lung Cancer and Cachexia through Its Immunomodulatory Function.

Lung cancer and its related cachexia are the leading cause of cancer death in the world. In this study, we report the inhibitory effect of the combined therapy of and , on tumor growth and cachexia in tumor-bearing mice. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were inoculated into male C57BL/6 and CAnN.

The flavin mononucleotide cofactor in α-hydroxyacid oxidases exerts its electrophilic/nucleophilic duality in control of the substrate-oxidation level.

The Y128F single mutant of p-hydroxymandelate oxidase (Hmo) is capable of oxidizing mandelate to benzoate via a four-electron oxidative decarboxylation reaction. When benzoylformate (the product of the first two-electron oxidation) and hydrogen peroxide (an oxidant) were used as substrates the reaction did not proceed, suggesting that free hydrogen peroxide is not the committed oxidant in the second two-electron oxidation. How the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent four-electron oxidation reaction takes place remains elusive.

Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation of chemical constituents in the extract of Trifolium repens L.

The chemical constituents in Trifolium repens L. were comprehensively studied by UPLC in this work, and a total number of 308 compounds were detected with 169 ones identified. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed and fragmentation rules were summarized.

Antitumor, Inhibition of Metastasis and Radiosensitizing Effects of Total Nutrition Formula on Lewis Tumor-Bearing Mice.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) causes high mortality. Radiotherapy is an induction regimen generally applied to patients with NSCLC. In view of therapeutic efficacy, the outcome is not appealing in addition to bringing about unwanted side effects.

Biochemical and structural explorations of α-hydroxyacid oxidases reveal a four-electron oxidative decarboxylation reaction.

p-Hydroxymandelate oxidase (Hmo) is a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-dependent enzyme that oxidizes mandelate to benzoylformate. How the FMN-dependent oxidation is executed by Hmo remains unclear at the molecular level. A continuum of snapshots from crystal structures of Hmo and its mutants in complex with physiological/nonphysiological substrates, products and inhibitors provides a rationale for its substrate enantioselectivity/promiscuity, its active-site geometry/reactivity and its direct hydride-transfer mechanism.

The concurrent treatment of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi enhances the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin but also attenuates chemotherapy-induced cachexia and acute kidney injury.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cisplatin is an important chemotherapy to lung cancer, but it usually induces severe cachexia and acute kidney injury in patients. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB), commonly known as a skullcap, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine mainly used to treat inflammation, infection, and malignancy. In this study, we report the synergic effect of SB and cisplatin to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells, and the ameliorative effect of SB to cisplatin-induced cachexia and acute kidney injury.

Erythrobacter spongiae sp. nov., isolated from marine sponge.

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain HN-E23, which was isolated from sponge collected from Yangpu Bay, Hainan, China. Cells of strain HN-E23 were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, orange-yellow-pigmented, short rods, that could grow at 10-40 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 5-11 (optimun, pH 7) and in 0.5-12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3 %).