Detection of norovirus genogroup IV, klassevirus, and pepper mild mottle virus in sewage samples in South Korea.

Norovirus (NoV) genogroup (G) IV has been infrequently isolated from patients suffering from acute gastroenteritis (AGE), although this virus has not been detected in Korea. Klassevirus, a novel virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae and a possible etiologic agent of AGE, and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), which originates from processed pepper products and is shed in human feces, are suggested to be new indicators of fecal pollution. We aimed to investigate the presence of NoV-GIV, klassevirus, and PMMoV in sewage samples collected in Korea.

The effect of botulinum toxin type A injection into the gastrocnemius muscle on sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Objective: To investigate the benefit of botulinum toxin type A injection into the ankle plantarflexor muscle on sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Inpatients in a university-affiliated hospital.

Improvement of nuclide leaching resistance of paraffin waste form with low density polyethylene.

Low-level liquid borate wastes have been immobilized with paraffin wax using a concentrate waste drying system (CWDS) in Korean nuclear power plants. The possibility for improving chemical durability of paraffin waste form was suggested in this study. A small amount of low density polyethylene (LDPE) was added to increase the leaching resistance of the existing paraffin waste form.

Modeling of nuclide release from low-level radioactive paraffin waste: a comparison of simulated and real waste.

Nuclide leaching models based on mass transfer theory are reviewed and evaluated to analyze the leaching test results of simulated and real paraffin waste from Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs). An empirical model (EM), bulk diffusion model (BDM), coupled diffusion/dissolution model (CDDM), shrinking core model (SCM), modified SCM (MSCM), and uniform reaction model (URM) are selected for comparison. In case of simulated paraffin waste form, the experimental results are satisfactorily explained by the SCM which is based on a diffusion-controlled dissolution reaction.