Impacts of Senolytic Phytochemicals on Gut Microbiota: A Comprehensive Review.

There is increasing interest in utilizing senolytics to selectively remove senescent cells from intestinal tissues, with the aim of maintaining a healthy gut environment during aging. This strategy underscores the potential of senolytics to enhance gut health by delaying intestinal aging and positively modulating gut microbiota. Certain plant-based phytochemicals have demonstrated promising senolytic effects.

Identification of novel anti-obesity saponins from the ovary of sea cucumber ().

The potential anti-obesity effects of sea cucumber extract have been reported. However, the individual saponins responsible for these effects are yet to be isolated and characterized. This study aimed to identify the most effective sea cucumber body part for inhibiting lipid accumulation in adipocytes and to elucidate the compounds responsible for this effect using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques.

attenuates obesity-related muscle wasting through activation of SIRT1/PGC1α in skeletal muscle of mice.

(GC) is a red algal species that is primarily consumed in Asia. Here, we investigated the effect of GC on obesity-related skeletal muscle wasting. Furthermore, elucidating its impact on the activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) constituted a critical aspect in understanding the underlying mechanism of action.

Exercise-induced signaling activation by Chrysanthemum zawadskii and its active compound, linarin, ameliorates age-related sarcopenia through Sestrin 1 regulation.

Background: Exercise is an effective strategy to prevent sarcopenia, but high physical inactivity in the elderly requires alternative therapeutic approaches. Exercise mimetics are therapeutic compounds that simulate the beneficial effects of exercise on skeletal muscles. However, the toxicity and adverse effects of exercise mimetics raise serious concerns.

Identification of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. extract components and their protective effects against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy.

Background: Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (PJ) is a vegetable widely consumed in East Asia and is known to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of PJ on muscle atrophy remains elusive.

Gromwell ameliorates glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy through the regulation of Akt/mTOR pathway.

Background: Muscle atrophy is characterized by decreased muscle mass, function, and strength. Synthetic glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (Dexa), are commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases. However, prolonged exposure of Dexa with high dose exerts severe side effects, including muscle atrophy.

Discovery of Novel Stimulators of Pax7 and/or MyoD: Enhancing the Efficacy of Cultured Meat Production through Culture Media Enrichment.

The principles of myogenesis play crucial roles in the production of cultured meat, and identifying protein stimulators associated with myogenesis holds great potential to enhance the efficiency of this process. In this study, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based screening of a natural product library to discover ligands for Pax7 and MyoD, key regulators of satellite cells (SCs), and performed cell-based assays on Hanwoo SCs (HWSCs) to identify substances that promote cell proliferation and/or differentiation. Through an SPR analysis, we found that six chemicals, including one Pax7+/MyoD- chemical, four Pax7+/MyoD+ chemicals, and one Pax7-/MyoD+ chemical, bound to Pax7 and/or MyoD proteins.

Gromwell () Attenuates High-Fat-Induced Skeletal Muscle Wasting by Increasing Protein Synthesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Gromwell (, LE) can mitigate obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-skeletal muscle atrophy effects of LE and the underlying molecular mechanism. C2C12 myotubes were pretreated with LE or shikonin, and active component of LE, for 24 h and then treated with 500 μM palmitic acid (PA) for an additional 24 h.

Justicia procumbens prevents hair loss in androgenic alopecia mice.

The plant Justicia procumbens is traditionally used in Asia to treat fever, cough, and pain. Previous studies have reported its anticancer and anti-asthmatic properties. However, its potential for preventing androgenic alopecia (AGA) has not yet been reported.

Geniposide attenuates muscle atrophy via the inhibition of FoxO1 in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8.

Background: Geniposide (GP) is an iridoid glycoside that is present in nearly 40 species, including Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. GP has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects in various Alzheimer's disease (AD) models; however, the effects of GP on AD models of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and aging-accelerated mouse predisposition-8 (SAMP8) mice have not yet been evaluated.

promotes testosterone-mediated hair growth inhibition in mice.

The beneficial effects of () on gut health and inflammation reduction have been demonstrated; however, scientific evidence of hair growth enhancement by has not been reported. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of on improving testosterone-mediated hair growth inhibition. Hair growth inhibition was induced through subcutaneous injection of testosterone into the shaved dorsal skin of C57BL/6 male mice.

Fuzhuan brick tea extract ameliorates obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction in mice.

Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) is a post-fermented tea fermented by the fungus Eurotium cristatum and is mainly produced in Hunan Province, China. Our previous study revealed that FBT extract prevents obesity by increasing energy expenditure and mitochondrial content in mice. Therefore, in this study, we hypothesized that FBT extract could be effective in alleviating obesity-induced muscle atrophy by addressing mitochondrial dysfunction, and aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of FBT extract in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

Hydrogen Sulfide and Liver Health: Insights into Liver Diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a recently recognized gasotransmitter involved in physiological and pathological conditions in mammals. It protects organs from oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension, and cell death. With abundant expression of HS-production enzymes, the liver is closely linked to HS signaling.

Longevity through diet restriction and immunity.

The share of the population that is aging is growing rapidly. In an aging society, technologies and interventions that delay the aging process are of great interest. Dietary restriction (DR) is the most reproducible and effective nutritional intervention tested to date for delaying the aging process and prolonging the health span in animal models.

Millet seed oil activates β-catenin signaling and promotes hair growth.

Alopecia, regardless of gender, exacerbates psychological stress in those affected. The rising prevalence of alopecia has fueled a research interest in preventing hair loss. This study investigates the potential of millet seed oil (MSO) in promoting the proliferation of hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) and stimulating hair growth in animals with testosterone-dependent hair growth inhibition as part of a study on dietary treatments to improve hair growth.

Geniposide-Rich Gardenia jasminoides Ellis Fruit Extract Increases Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans.

The human life span has been markedly extended since the 1900s, but it has not brought healthy aging to everyone. This increase in life expectancy without an increase in healthspan is a major global concern that imposes considerable health care budgets and degrades the quality of life of older adults. Dietary interventions are a promising strategy to increase healthspan.

The innate immune signaling component FBXC-58 mediates dietary restriction effects on healthy aging in .

Dietary restriction (DR) is a highly effective and reproducible intervention that prolongs longevity in many organisms. The molecular mechanism of action of DR is tightly connected with the immune system; however, the detailed mechanisms and effective downstream factors of immunity that mediate the beneficial effects of DR on aging remain unknown. Here, to investigate the immune signaling that mediates DR effects, we used , which has been widely used in research, to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of aging and immunity.

Codium fragile reduces adipose tissue expansion and fatty liver incidence by downregulating adipo- and lipogenesis.

Codium fragile (C. fragile) is a marine alga with high functional food potential. Recent studies have proven C.

Castor Oil Plant ( L.) Leaves Improve Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy Nrf2 Activation.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by reduced muscle function and size. Oxidative stress contributes to muscle atrophy but can be treated with antioxidants. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of a castor oil plant leaf ( L.

Fruit of Schisandra chinensis and its bioactive component schizandrin B ameliorate obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.

Schisandra chinensis fruit (Omiza in Korean), used for the production tea or liquor, and is known to enhance skeletal muscle function. However, the effect of Omiza extract (OM) on obesity-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of OM on skeletal muscle mass and performance in obese mice.

Antioxidant Activity of Protects against Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy.

Skeletal muscle atrophy is defined as wasting or loss of muscle. Although glucocorticoids (GCs) are well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, their long-term or high-dose use induces skeletal muscle atrophy. (VF) is used to treat restlessness, anxiety, and sleep disorders; however, its effects on skeletal muscle health have not been investigated.

Fuzhuan brick tea extract prevents diet-induced obesity via stimulation of fat browning in mice.

Fuzhuan brick tea is a post-fermented tea that is intentionally fermented by the fungus Eurotium cristatum. Previous studies have reported the anti-obesity effect of Fuzhuan brick tea extracts (FBT), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study investigated whether FBT exerts anti-obesity effects through energy expenditure and browning of white adipose tissue.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle contributes to the development of acute insulin resistance in mice.

Background: Although mounting evidence indicates that insulin resistance (IR) co-occurs with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, there is no clear causal link between mitochondrial dysfunction and IR pathogenesis. In this study, the exact role of mitochondria in IR development was determined.

Methods: Six-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks to induce acute IR or for 24 weeks to induce chronic IR (n = 8 per group).