Tazarotene-induced Gene 1 Induces Melanoma Cell Death by Triggering Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response.

Background: This study investigated the mechanism by which tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) inhibits melanoma cell growth. The main focus was to analyze downstream genes regulated by TIG1 in melanoma cells and its impact on cell growth.

Methods: The effects of TIG1 expression on cell viability and death were assessed using water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) mitochondrial staining and lactate dehydrogenase release assays.

Safety and Efficacy of Oral Nalbuphine on Postoperative Pain in Hemorrhoidectomy Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Pivotal Trial.

Objectives: Severe postoperative pain requiring opioid treatment has been reported in 20% to 40% of hemorrhoidectomy patients. Compared with morphine, nalbuphine offers better hemodynamic stability, a lower risk of respiratory depression, and a lower potential for addiction. Nalbuphine was developed from the intravenous form into an oral form (PHN131) to alleviate moderate-to-severe pain.

TIG1 Inhibits the mTOR Signaling Pathway in Malignant Melanoma Through the VAC14 Protein.

Background/aim: Currently, there are few drug options available to treat malignant melanoma. Tazarotene-inducible gene 1 (TIG1) was originally isolated from skin tissue, but its function in skin tissue has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of TIG1 and mTOR signaling pathways associated with VAC14 on melanoma.

Enrichment of Prevotella intermedia in human colorectal cancer and its additive effects with Fusobacterium nucleatum on the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas.

Background: Owing to the heterogeneity of microbiota among individuals and populations, only Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis have been reported to be enriched in colorectal cancer (CRC) in multiple studies. Thus, the discovery of additional bacteria contributing to CRC development in various populations can be expected. We aimed to identify bacteria associated with the progression of colorectal adenoma to carcinoma and determine the contribution of these bacteria to malignant transformation in patients of Han Chinese origin.

Reciprocal regulation of Daxx and PIK3CA promotes colorectal cancer cell growth.

Upregulation of death-domain-associated protein (Daxx) is strongly associated with diverse cancer types. Among these, the clinicopathological significance and molecular mechanisms of Daxx overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. Here, we showed that Daxx expression was increased in both clinical CRC samples and CRC cell lines.

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 interacts with Polo-like kinase 2 and inhibits cell proliferation in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells.

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is considered to be a tumor suppressor gene that is highly expressed in normal or well-differentiated colon tissues, while downregulation of TIG1 expression occurs in poorly differentiated colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. However, it is still unclear how TIG1 regulates the tumorigenesis of CRC. Polo-like kinases (Plks) are believed to play an important role in regulating the cell cycle.

Determination of the UGT1A1 polymorphism as guidance for irinotecan dose escalation in metastatic colorectal cancer treated with first-line bevacizumab and FOLFIRI (PURE FIST).

Aim: Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) polymorphism plays a crucial role in the increased susceptibility of patients to irinotecan and its toxicity. This study is a multicenter, randomised clinical trial comparing the clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI with or without UGT1A1 genotyping and irinotecan dose escalation as the first-line therapy.

Methods: The control group received conventional biweekly FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab without UGT1A1 genotyping, whereas the study group received the same regimen with irinotecan dose escalation based on UGT1A1 genotyping.

Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1 (TIG1) Interacts with Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal-Type 2 (SPINK2) to Inhibit Cellular Invasion of Testicular Carcinoma Cells.

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) encodes a protein that is a retinoid-regulated tumor suppressor. TIG1 is expressed in most normal tissues, and downregulation of TIG1 expression in multiple cancers is caused by promoter hypermethylation. Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor-2 (SPINK2) is a serine protease inhibitor, and the SPINK protein family has been shown to inhibit the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).

The Ribosomal Protein RPLP0 Mediates PLAAT4-induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Cell Apoptosis.

Phospholipase A and acyltransferase 4 (PLAAT4) is a member of the HREV107 tumor suppressor gene family. The expression of PLAAT4 has been shown to induce cell death; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we found that RPLP0, a ribosomal protein, can interact with PLAAT4, as determined by yeast two-hybrid screening, coimmunoprecipitation, and colocalization.

Synchronous vascular endothelial growth factor protein profiles in both tissue and serum identify metastasis and poor survival in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. We examined if tumor tissue and circulating protein levels of all vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) were synchronous and different in Taiwan patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) vs. non-mCRC.

Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1 Interacts with DNAJC8 and Regulates Glycolysis in Cervical Cancer Cells.

The tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) protein is a retinoid-inducible growth regulator and is considered a tumor suppressor. Here, we show that DnaJ heat shock protein family member C8 (DNAJC8) is a TIG1 target that regulates glycolysis. Ectopic DNAJC8 expression induced the translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) into the nucleus, subsequently inducing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression to promote glucose uptake.

NKX6.1 hypermethylation predicts the outcome of stage II colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide. CRC patients in the same stage often present with dramatically different clinical scenarios. Thus, robust prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to guide therapies and improve treatment outcomes.

Oral tegafur-uracil as metronomic therapy following intravenous FOLFOX for stage III colon cancer.

The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of metronomic therapy with oral tegafur-uracil (UFUR) following an intravenous FOLFOX regimen as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy on the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of stage III colon cancer patients. From the retrospective database of patients who underwent a surgical resection for colorectal cancer at the Tri-Service General Hospital from October 2008 through December 2014, stage III colon carcinomas treated with radical R0 resection were reviewed. One hundred thirty two patients were treated with a FOLFOX regimen (comparison group), and 113 patients were treated with the same regimen followed by additional oral UFUR (UFUR group).

Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1 Enhanced Cervical Cell Autophagy through Transmembrane Protein 192.

Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is a retinoic acid-inducible protein that is considered a putative tumor suppressor. The expression of TIG1 is decreased in malignant prostate carcinoma or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, but TIG1 is present in benign or well-differentiated tumors. Ectopic TIG1 expression led to suppression of growth in cancer cells.

Comparison of Anesthesia-Controlled Operating Room Time between Propofol-Based Total Intravenous Anesthesia and Desflurane Anesthesia in Open Colorectal Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the anesthesia-controlled time and factors that contribute to prolonged extubation in open colorectal surgery. Using our hospital database, demographic data, various time intervals (waiting for anesthesia time, anesthesia time, surgical time, emergence time, exit from operating room after extubation, total operating room time, and post-anesthesia care unit stay time), and incidence of prolonged extubation (≥ 15 mins), were compared between patients who received desflurane/fentanyl-based anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia via target-controlled infusion with fentanyl/propofol. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between variables that contributed to prolonged extubation.

Sebacoyl Dinalbuphine Ester Extended-release Injection for Long-acting Analgesia: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, And Placebo-controlled Study in Hemorrhoidectomy Patients.

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single sebacoyl dinalbuphine ester (SDE) injection (150 mg/2 mL) when administered intramuscularly to patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy for postoperative long-acting analgesia.

Methods: A total of 221 patients scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy from 6 centers in Taiwan were randomly divided into SDE group and placebo group, and received the treatment, vehicle or SDE, 1 day before the surgery. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded up to 7 to 10 days.

Over-expression of AURKA, SKA3 and DSN1 contributes to colorectal adenoma to carcinoma progression.

Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves sequential transformation of normal mucosal tissues into benign adenomas and then adenomas into malignant tumors. The identification of genes crucial for malignant transformation in colorectal adenomas (CRAs) has been based primarily on cross-sectional observations. In this study, we identified relevant genes using autologous samples.

Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur/uracil for more than 1 year improves disease-free survival for low-risk Stage II colon cancer.

Background: It is uncertain whether adjuvant chemotherapy (CMT) improves survival in patients with low-risk Stage II colon cancer. We aimed to determine the disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) of low-risk Stage II colon cancer patients treated with adjuvant tegafur/uracil (UFUR).

Methods: From January 2004 to December 2011, the follow-up status of 278 low-risk Stage II colon cancer patients who underwent surgery in a single medical center was retrospectively analyzed.

Clinical stage and risk of recurrence and mortality: interaction of DNA methylation factors in patients with colorectal cancer.

Aberrant DNA methylation plays a crucial role in cancer development; however, prospective evidence of an interaction between molecular biomarkers and cancer staging for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still limited. We examined DNA methylation in tumors and adjacent normal tissues from patients who underwent CRC surgical resection, and evaluated the interaction between cancer staging (advanced vs local) and DNA methylation to predict the prognosis of CRC. We recruited 132 patients with CRC from Tri-Service General Hospital in Taiwan and used the candidate gene approach to select 3 tumor suppressor genes involved in carcinogenesis pathways.

Antipsychotic Drugs Inhibit Platelet Aggregation via P2Y 1 and P2Y 12 Receptors.

Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used to treat clinical psychotic syndromes cause a variety of blood dyscrasias. APDs suppress the aggregation of platelets; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We first analyzed platelet aggregation and clot formation in platelets treated with APDs, risperidone, clozapine, or haloperidol, using an aggregometer and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM).

Prospective analysis of UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism for irinotecan dose escalation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI as the first-line setting: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Irinotecan is approved and widely administered to metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients; however, it can cause severe toxicities including neutropenia and diarrhea. The polymorphisms of genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes can play a crucial role in the increased susceptibility of cancer patients to chemotherapy toxicity. Therefore, we plan to explore the effect of the genetic polymorphism of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) for irinotecan detoxification in mCRC patients.

Rectal cancer with complete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, surgery, or "watch and wait".

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy with a complete clinical response followed by either a "watch and wait" strategy or a total mesorectal excision.

Methods: This was an observational retrospective study from a single institute. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer following chemoradiotherapy with a complete clinical response from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2014 were included.

The outcome of 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy after the completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, administered until 2 weeks before rectal cancer resection.

Background: In most institutions, locally advanced rectal cancer is treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery 6-8 weeks later, allowing time for tumor response and recovery from chemoradiotherapy-related toxicities. In our hospital, we continuously administer chemotherapy after the completion of chemoradiotherapy, until 2 weeks before surgery for most patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study.