Do five screening tools identify the same number of runners who require pre-exercise medical clearance? SAFER XXXIV.

Objectives: Currently, there are five international screening tools that are recommended to identify individuals who require pre-exercise medical clearance to reduce the risk of medical encounters during exercise. Therefore, the aim was to determine the percentage of race entrants who are advised to obtain pre-exercise medical clearance and the observed agreement between these five different international pre-exercise medical screening tools.

Methods: In all, 76,654 race entrants from the Two Oceans Marathon (2012-2015) that completed an online pre-race screening questionnaire.