Gross anatomy of vascular supply and drainage of mammary fat pads in mice models.

This work extensively studied the vasculature of mice mammary fat pads (BALB/c and C57BL/6) with special reference to haematogenous drainage routes. Mammary fat pads were five pairs (first cervical, second and third thoracic, fourth abdominal and fifth inguinal), bilaterally symmetrical, extending laterally and continuously with the subcutaneous fascia. The superficial cervical artery and vein primarily accomplished the blood vasculature of the first mammary fat pad, while the lateral thoracic and external thoracic arteries and veins supplied the second and third mammary fat pads.

Mitochondria targeted redox GFP reveals time and dose dependent onset and progression of mitochondrial oxidation with diverging cell death decisions during photodynamic therapy.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful cancer treatment modality. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies with different photosensitizers reveal diverging cell fates, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and non-specific forms of cell death. The mode of action and efficacy of PDT is mediated through free radical generation and is highly dependent on diverse variables such as nature, dose, metabolism of photosensitizer, irradiation energy, and irradiation cycle.

A reporter cell line for real-time imaging of autophagy and apoptosis.

Simultaneous detection of autophagy and apoptosis is important in drug discovery and signaling studies. Here we report, a real-time reporter cell line for the simultaneous detection of apoptosis and autophagy at single-cell level employing stable integration of two fluorescent protein reporters of apoptosis and autophagy. Cells stably expressing EGFP-LC3 fusion was developed initially as a marker for autophagy and subsequently stably expressed with inter-mitochondrial membrane protein SMAC with RFP fusion to detect mitochondrial permeabilization event of apoptosis.

Immunophenotype of circulatory T-helper cells in patients with non-segmental vitiligo.

Introduction: Non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) is an immune-mediated skin depigmentation disease. Cytokine-mediated interaction between T lymphocytes and melanocytes leads to death of melanocytes, causing a defect in melanin synthesis and thereby depigmentation. There is an increased population of T-helper cells in the skin lesions as well as in the peripheral circulation in NSV.

Ticks and accompanying pathogens of domestic and wild animals of Kerala, South India.

The objective of the present study was to detect the chosen nucleotide DNA or RNA sequences of the pathogens in ticks of domestic and wild animals of Kerala, South India based on molecular techniques. Among 602 ticks collected, 413 were from bovines (cattle and buffalo), 26 from goats, 101 from dogs and 62 from wild animals. Amblyomma integrum, Am.

Molecular, histological and ultrastructural characterization of cytotoxic effects of amitraz on the ovaries of engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus.

In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of amitraz, an octopamine receptor agonist on the reproductive system of engorged adult females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus were assessed using histology, electron microscopy and octopamine beta (OCTβ) receptor transcriptional expression analysis. Adult immersion test (AIT) was performed by immersing the fully engorged female ticks for 2 min in different concentrations of amitraz (200, 250, 300, 350 ppm). Amitraz at the dose of 300 ppm, caused an adult tick mortality of 16.

ER alpha selective chromone, isoxazolylchromones, induces ROS-mediated cell death without autophagy.

Chromones are recognized as privileged structures and useful templates for the design of novel compounds with promising pharmacological activity. Several reports implicate chromone scaffold as an antitumor agent. The present study highlights synthesis, docking, and potential activity of isoxazolylchromones, 3(a-f), a new class of compounds as potential agents exhibiting ERα antagonism and ERβ agonism.

Ixodid Tick Vectors of Wild Mammals and Reptiles of Southern India.

Background: We aimed to focus on the ixodid ticks parasitizing wild mammals and reptiles from Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghat, southern India.

Methods: The taxonomic identification of ticks collected from wild mammals and reptiles was performed based on the morphology of adults.

Results: We revealed eight species of ticks including, , () , () , () , () , () , and s.

Whether Dirofilaria repens parasites from South India belong to zoonotic Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis (Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis)?

The canine and zoonotic dirofilarioses are arthropod-borne parasitic infections caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria, infecting canines, felines and humans throughout the world. Dirofilaria repens was considered as the most common cause of human dirofilariosis in Kerala. In the present study, molecular characterization of Dirofilaria isolates causing dirofilariosis in humans, dogs and jackal from Kerala, South India was undertaken by performing sequence and phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.

A high-throughput real-time in vitro assay using mitochondrial targeted roGFP for screening of drugs targeting mitochondria.

Most toxic compounds including cancer drugs target mitochondria culminating in its permeabilization. Cancer drug-screening and toxicological testing of compounds require cost-effective and sensitive high-throughput methods to detect mitochondrial damage. Real-time methods for detection of mitochondrial damage are less toxic, allow kinetic measurements with good spatial resolution and are preferred over end-stage assays.

In vitro efficacy of amitraz, coumaphos, deltamethrin and lindane against engorged female Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks.

The present study compares the in vitro efficacy of four chemical acaricides, viz. amitraz, coumaphos, deltamethrin and lindane, against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus and Haemaphysalis bispinosa ticks based on adult immersion tests. Amitraz, at 350 ppm, elicited 29.

Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis in kidney transplant recipients: A series of seven cases.

Background: Superficial and deep fungal infections are more frequent in transplant recipients primarily because of the failure of cell-mediated immunity and lesser amount of antigen-presenting Langerhans cells in their epidermis. Here, we report seven cases of post-renal transplant subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, all of which manifested within 1 year after transplantation and were unresponsive to prolonged courses of itraconazole. This is the first case series, to our knowledge, of phaeohyphomycosis in transplant recipients in India.

Deltamethrin resistance in south Indian isolates of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

The present communication deals with the detection and characterization of deltamethrin resistance in tick populations using biological (larval packet test), biochemical (esterase enzyme assay) and molecular assays. Ticks were collected from cattle farms of Korutla, Telangana (KOR), Mehboob Nagar, Telangana (MBN), Nagpur, Maharashtra (NAG), Parbani, Maharashtra (PBN), Madhavaram, Tamil Nadu (MAD), Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu (CUD), Sakhleshpur, Karnataka (SAK) and Buvenduvella, Karnataka (BUV). Out of eight field isolates, seven were identified as Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus while one isolate (CUD) was identified as R.

Histoarchitecture of ovary of Haemaphysalis bispinosa during engorgement period.

The ovary of Haemaphysalis bispinosa was of panoistic type with asynchronous development of oocytes. The wall of the ovary was composed of a layer of epithelial cells to which the oocytes were attached by means of pedicel cells with elongated nucleus. The oocytes were classified into stages I to V based on morphologic characteristics like size and shape, presence / absence of germ vesicle, cytoplasmic appearance, presence or absence of yolk granules and presence of chorion.

Red pepper (Capsicum annuum) carotenoids as a source of natural food colors: analysis and stability-a review.

Carotenoids are increasingly drawing the attention of researchers as a major natural food color due to their inherent nutritional characteristics and the implicated possible role in prevention and protection against degenerative diseases. In this report, we review the role of red pepper as a source for natural carotenoids. The composition of the carotenoids in red pepper and the application of different methodologies for their analysis were discussed in this report.

Histoarchitecture of the ovary of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus during pre- and postengorgement period.

The present communication describes the detailed day wise study of histological changes of the ovary of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus in the postengorgement period together with the systematic classification of their oocytes. The ovary of R. (B.

Canine filarial infections in a human Brugia malayi endemic area of India.

A very high prevalence of microfilaremia of 42.68 per cent out of 164 canine blood samples examined was observed in Cherthala (of Alappuzha district of Kerala state), a known human Brugia malayi endemic area of south India. The species of canine microfilariae were identified as Dirofilaria repens, Brugia malayi, and Acanthocheilonema reconditum.

Occurrence of fatal syngamosis in emu birds of Kerala.

Two male and two female emu birds of 8 months to 1 year old reared in a private farm were brought dead to College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode for postmortem examination during the period from July to September, 2010. The birds were emaciated and drooling of blood from the mouth was observed for 2 days prior to death. Postmortem examination of the dead birds revealed occurrence of large numbers of red coloured worms throughout trachea with histopathological changes.

Spectrum of vaginal discharge in a tertiary care setting.

Introduction: Vaginal discharge is one of the common reasons for gynecological consultation. Many of the causes of vaginitis have a disturbed vaginal microbial ecosystem associated with them. Effective treatment of vaginal discharge requires that the etiologic diagnosis be established and identifying the same offers a precious input to syndromic management and provides an additional strategy for human immunodeficiency virus prevention.

Multiple hair whorls in a child with normal cranial and neurologic development.

Hair whorls are a normal characteristic of the human scalp and abnormally placed or absent whorls have been associated with cranial or neurologic abnormalities. We report a case of multiple whorls in a child with normal neurologic development. We also include a brief review of the literature on the development of hair whorls and their associations.