SifA SUMOylation governs Salmonella Typhimurium intracellular survival via modulation of lysosomal function.

One of the mechanisms shaping the pathophysiology during the infection of enteric pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium is host PTM machinery utilization by the pathogen encoded effectors. Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) during infection in host cells thrives in a vacuolated compartment, Salmonella containing vacuole (SCV), which sequentially acquires host endosomal and lysosomal markers.

Activation of epigenetic regulator KDM6B by Typhimurium enables chronic infections.

Non-typhoidal (NTS) infections result in self limiting gastroenteritis except in rare cases wherein manifestations of chronic infections can occur. Strategies employed by to thrive in hostile environments of host during chronic infections are complex and multifaceted. In chronic state, a coordinated action of bacterial effectors allows reprogramming of macrophages to M2 subtype and thereby creating a permissible replicative niche.

Drug-induced lupus erythematosus presenting with cardiac tamponade: a case report and literature review.

The presentation of drug-induced lupus erythematosus (DILE) is typically mild, with a significantly lower incidence of life-threatening end-organ dysfunction relative to idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus. DILE is an uncommon cause of cardiac tamponade but has been reported in patients treated with procainamide, isoniazid, hydralazine, sulfasalazine, and carbamazepine. We present a case of DILE presenting with cardiac tamponade associated with infliximab use that resolved with discontinuation of the medication and administration of high-dose steroids.

Metastatic or metachronous adamantinoma: An Enigma.

Adamantinoma is an uncommon tumour of low grade malignancy in terms of biologic aggressiveness; metastasis occurring many years after amputation. A young male underwent an above knee amputation of left leg for adamantinoma of tibia. He returned with pain and swelling in his right thigh five years later.

Psychological morbidity among female commercial sex workers with alcohol and drug abuse.

Introduction: Substance abuse may act as precursors and also can form outcomes of sexual behaviors. The confluence of drug use, mental stressors, poverty, sexually transmitted diseases, low self-esteem and high-risk partners forms a fertile ground for psychological morbidity.

Aim: To assess the psychological morbidity among female commercial sex workers (CSWs) who use alcohol and other substance abuse.

Significance of histopathology in leprosy patients with 1-5 skin lesions with relevance to therapy.

Background: Patients with 1-5 skin lesions are clinically categorized as paucibacillary for treatment purposes. For betterment and adequate treatment of patients, this grouping needs further study.

Aim: To study a group of leprosy patients with 1-5 skin lesions, compare clinical details with histopathological findings and bacteriological status of the skin to evaluate the relevance of this grouping.

Histopathological correlation of skin biopsies in leprosy.

Histopathological correlation of skin biopsies in 372 leprosy patients was done with clinical diagnosis using Ridley Jopling classification. There was agreement in 62.63% of cases.

Extensive cortical magnetic resonance signal change in proximal urea cycle disorder.

The authors report a 3-year 8-month-old girl presenting with episodic hyperammonemic encephalopathy probably due to a proximal urea cycle disorder. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain performed during the third episode revealed extensive and diffuse cerebral cortical signal changes with sparing of occipital cortex. It is believed that intracerebral accumulation of glutamine mainly in astrocytes is the major cause of the encephalopathy.

Diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state: interesting imaging observations in 2 patients with involuntary movements and seizures.

We report two patients of diabetic nonketotic hyperosmolar state presenting acutely with "self-limiting hemichorea - hemiballismus" and "generalized convulsive status epilepticus". CT scan in both the patients revealed a hyperdense nonenhancing basal ganglia. Magnetic resonance imaging brain of patient 1 showed it to be hyperintense on T1W image and iso-hyper intense on T2W image, minimally enhancing with contrast injection.

Sporadic onset Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease: interesting MRI observations.

We describe a 60-year-old woman with "probable" sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) who manifested with two months history of rapidly progressive dementia and abnormal behavior, speech and gait abnormality, excessive sleepiness and myoclonic jerks. Scalp EEG showed diffuse slowing of background activity to delta range and triphasic sharp wave complexes occurring periodically twice in one-second interval. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain revealed high signal intensity on T2 weighted image (T2WI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences in the caudate and putamen bilaterally.

Primary cutaneous mucin producing squamous cell carcinoma.

Variants of squamous cell carcinoma are often rare but they an aggressive tumours with a potential for local recurrence and metastasis. A deeply invasive primary mucin producing squamous cell carcinoma of skin is one such rare variant.

Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma mimicking miliary tuberculosis.

A case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, with widespread dissemination to both lungs and miliary mottling on chest X-ray is reported in a 40 year old male.

Ultrafast formation of nonemissive species via intermolecular interaction in single crystals of conjugated molecules.

We investigate the influence of interchain interactions on the photoluminescence processes in a sexithiophene single crystal by applying hydrostatic pressure. We perform transient photoluminescence spectroscopy in the time domain of 100 fs for pressures up to 60 kbar. The combined use of steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopies allows us to show that the pressure-induced quenching of the photoluminescence is caused by an ultrafast (approximately 100 fs) formation of intermolecular species.

Geometry-dependent electronic properties of highly fluorescent conjugated molecules.

We present a combined experimental/theoretical study of the electronic properties of conjugated para-phenylene type molecules under high pressure up to 80 kbar. Pressure is used as a tool to vary the molecular geometry and intermolecular interaction. The influence of the latter two on singlet and triplet excitons as well as polarons is monitored via optical spectroscopy.

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst mimicking squamous cell carcinoma.

A proliferating trichilemmal cyst of long standing duration, with its sudden increase in size and ulceration was clinically suspected to be a squamous cell carcinoma. Microscopic features revealed the appropriate diagnosis.

Role of basement membrane collagen and elastin in the autofluorescence spectra of the colon.

Background: Autofluoresence can be used to detect neoplasia in the colon. Two known fluorophores, collagen and elastin, are probably partly responsible for colonic emission spectra. Their contribution to colonic autofluorescence was investigated.

Emission spectra of colonic tissue and endogenous fluorophores.

Autofluorescence emission spectra of normal, adenomatous, and malignant tissues of the colon were compared to that of known fluorophores to indicate the possible causes of tissue fluorescence. Data were collected from normal mucosa (n = 18), adenomatous polyps (n = 32), and adenocarcinoma (n = 18) of the colon. A range of cellular and extracellular fluorophores (elastin, collagen, flavin adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, phenylalanine, pyridoxal 5' phosphate, tryptophan, and tyrosine) were similarly examined using a spectrofluorometer with emission and excitation spectrometers.

Duodenal varices. A neglected cause of massive, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

Bleeding from duodenal varices in portal hypertension may not be recognized, resulting in a delay in diagnosis. Early detection is important as duodenal varices are a potential source of massive hemorrhage. We report two cases with recurrent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in whom accurate diagnosis was made only after extensive investigation including repeated endoscopic examination.