SETDB1 activity is globally directed by H3K14 acetylation via its Triple Tudor Domain.

SETDB1 (SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase 1) is a major protein lysine methyltransferase trimethylating lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9) which is involved in heterochromatin formation and silencing of repeat elements (REs). It contains a unique Triple Tudor Domain (3TD), which specifically binds the dual modification of H3K14ac in the presence of H3K9me1/2/3. Here, we explored the role of the 3TD H3-tail interaction for the H3K9 methylation activity of SETDB1.

Integrated epigenomic exposure signature discovery.

The epigenome influences gene regulation and phenotypes in response to exposures. Epigenome assessment can determine exposure history aiding in diagnosis. Here we developed and implemented a machine learning algorithm, the exposure signature discovery algorithm (ESDA), to identify the most important features present in multiple epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets to produce an integrated exposure signature (ES).

Distinct specificities of the HEMK2 protein methyltransferase in methylation of glutamine and lysine residues.

The HEMK2 protein methyltransferase has been described as glutamine methyltransferase catalyzing ERF1-Q185me1 and lysine methyltransferase catalyzing H4K12me1. Methylation of two distinct target residues is unique for this class of enzymes. To understand the specific catalytic adaptations of HEMK2 allowing it to master this chemically challenging task, we conducted a detailed investigation of the substrate sequence specificities of HEMK2 for Q- and K-methylation.

Genome-wide deposition of 6-methyladenine in human DNA reduces the viability of HEK293 cells and directly influences gene expression.

While cytosine-C5 methylation of DNA is an essential regulatory system in higher eukaryotes, the presence and relevance of 6-methyladenine (m6dA) in human cells is controversial. To study the role of m6dA in human DNA, we introduced it in human cells at a genome-wide scale at GANTC and GATC sites by expression of bacterial DNA methyltransferases and observed concomitant reductions in cell viability, in particular after global GANTC methylation. We identified several genes that are directly regulated by m6dA in a GANTC context.

Successful nephrectomy after a failure of non-surgical treatment in emphysematous pyelonephritis: A case report.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EP) is an uncommon condition involving acute severe necrotising infection in the renal parenchyma, perinephric space and collecting system, with a mortality rate of up to 13%. A 62-year-old male with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presented with severe epigastric pain and shortness of breath for three days. A computed tomography scan revealed class 3B EP, which failed medical therapy and percutaneous drainage.

Pelvic Exenteration for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Vulvar Cancer in South West Wales.

The treatment of locally advanced vulvar carcinoma (LAVC) represents a major challenge. We investigated the role of pelvic exenteration as a treatment of LAVC. Women who underwent pelvic exenteration for primary and recurrent LAVC in our centre between 2001 and 2019 were included.

Cytogenetic and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Profile of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a University Hospital in South India.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytogenetic and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) profile in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), referred to a university hospital in a 5-year 6-month period.

Subjects And Methods: Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow aspirate specimens of 91 patients was performed by standard Giemsa (G)-banding and interphase FISH (iFISH).

Results: The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities detected by G-banding was 29.

Under-carboxylated osteocalcin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy and lactation in rats.

Purpose: Under-carboxylated osteocalcin (UcOC), a bone-released hormone is suggested to regulate energy metabolism. Pregnancy and lactation physiological conditions that require high levels of energy. The current study attempts to examine whether UcOC is involved in regulating energy metabolism during these conditions using adult Wistar rats.

Larvicidal activity of essential oil from Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia on dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Introduction: The ability of Vitex trifolia and Vitex negundo essential oils to kill Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was evaluated.

Methods: The larvae were treated with their respective essential oils at 50-125 ppm concentration.

Results: LC50 and LC90 for V.

Thrombocytosis as a Marker for Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Blood platelet measurement is a widely available and inexpensive test that is performed routinely. Platelets are thought to act by inducing inflammation and play a role in clotting and antimicrobial defence. A postoperative rise in the platelet count (thrombocytosis) is often dismissed as an incidental finding, but there is growing evidence to suggest that it may act as an indicator to underlying pathology.

Seroprevalence of acute dengue in a Malaysian tertiary medical centre.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of acute dengue in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre and its correlation with selected haematological and biochemical parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2015. A patient was serologically diagnosed with acute dengue if the dengue virus IgG, IgM or NS-1 antigen was reactive.

Clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer presenting under the age of 50.

Objective: Previous studies suggest that colorectal cancer (CRC) presenting at a young age tends to be advanced, proximally located and associated with a poor outcome. The aim of this study was to analyse characteristics of CRC in a cohort under the age of 50.

Method: A single centre retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients under the age of 50 receiving potentially curative resection was performed.

Crystal structure of 3-({[(thio-phen-2-yl)methyl-idene]hydrazin-yl}carbon-yl)pyridinium chloride dihydrate.

In the title compound, C11H10N3OS(+)·Cl(-)·2H2O, the organic cation exhibits a dihedral angle of 21.26 (8)° between the mean planes of the pyridine and thio-phene rings, and dihedral angles of 15.11 (9) and 6.

Permanent stoma rates: a misleading marker of quality in rectal cancer surgery.

Aim: The latest National Bowel Cancer Audit Programme (NBOCAP) audit identified our colorectal unit as an outlier with regard to the high permanent stoma rate. The aim of this study was to perform an audit of the rationale for stoma formation in patients undergoing rectal cancer resection in our unit.

Method: A review was conducted of all rectal cancer operations between April 2011 and March 2013.

Improved chiral SFC screening for analytical method development.

In this study we describe the evaluation of a recently developed supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) instrument for automated chiral SFC method development. The greatly improved gradient dwell volume and liquid flow control of the new instrument in combination with the use of shorter columns containing smaller stationary phase particles affords chiral SFC method development that is faster and more universal than previous systems.

Oncogenic transformation of mammary epithelial cells by transforming growth factor beta independent of mammary stem cell regulation.

Background: Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is transiently increased in the mammary gland during involution and by radiation. While TGFβ normally has a tumour suppressor role, prolonged exposure to TGFβ can induce an oncogenic epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in permissive cells and initiate the generation of cancer stem cells. Our objective is to mimic the transient exposure to TGFβ during involution to determine the persistent effects on premalignant mammary epithelium.

Lymph node harvest in Dukes' A cancer pathologist may need to consider fat dissolving technique: an observational study.

Background: National institute of clinical excellence (NICE) recommends that a median of 12 lymph nodes be examined in patients operated on with curative intent- to- treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients with lymph node harvest less than this may be considered under staged and may receive adjuvant chemotherapy. The aim of our study was to ascertain median number of lymph nodes examined in early colorectal cancers.

Oncological outcome after laparoscopic abdominoperineal excision of the rectum.

Aim: Abdominoperineal excision of the rectum (APER) for cancer has been associated with higher circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement and failure of local disease control. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the introduction of laparoscopic APER altered the incidence of CRM involvement.

Method: Consecutive patients undergoing open or laparoscopic APER for adenocarcinomas of the rectum were studied.

Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols - compliance and variations in practice during routine colorectal surgery.

Aim: Although there are numerous studies on the efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in reducing length of stay, the long-term compliance to such protocols in routine clinical practice has not been well documented. The aim of this study was to review the published literature on compliance to ERAS in patients undergoing colorectal surgery in routine clinical practice.

Method: Medline, Embase and PubMed databases were searched to identify studies that focused on compliance to ERAS protocols during routine clinical practice.

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for ileocolic intussusception secondary to caecal neoplasm.

Intussusception in adults is a rare cause of abdominal pain. Unlike its paediatric counterpart, intussusception in adults is associated with obvious pathology. We describe a case of ileocolic intussusception extending to the splenic flexure.

Deregulated expression of cytokine receptor gene, CRLF2, is involved in lymphoid transformation in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

We report 2 novel, cryptic chromosomal abnormalities in precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL): a translocation, either t(X;14)(p22;q32) or t(Y;14)(p11;q32), in 33 patients and an interstitial deletion, either del(X)(p22.33p22.33) or del(Y)(p11.

Nutrient induced thermogenesis during major colorectal excision--a pilot study.

Objective: Hypothermia may occur during general anaesthesia and is associated with postoperative coagulopathy, ischaemic cardiac events, wound infections and increased metabolic expenditure due to shivering. The purpose of the present pilot study was to determine whether the administration of certain amino acids (Vamin 18) during general anaesthesia could prevent postoperative hypothermia.

Patients And Methods: Two groups of patients were studied.