Biomarkers.

Background: The OVERTURE (NCT03556280) randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated evoked gamma oscillation therapy using Cognito's medical device (CogTx-001) in mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain atrophy, as measured by whole brain volume (WBV), is a key indicator of neurodegeneration in AD and may be influenced by baseline covariates such as age, disease stage, APOE4 carrier status, and PET amyloid levels, as well as treatment. We analyzed OVERTURE MRI whole brain volume outcomes across these key baseline subgroups.

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy estimate of evoked gamma oscillation in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial, progressive neurodegenerative disease that disrupts synaptic and neuronal activity and network oscillations. It is characterized by neuronal loss, brain atrophy and a decline in cognitive and functional abilities. Cognito's Evoked Gamma Therapy System provides an innovative approach for AD by inducing EEG-verified gamma oscillations through sensory stimulation.

Accuracy of the composite variability index as a measure of the balance between nociception and antinociception during anesthesia.

Background: The Composite Variability Index (CVI), derived from the electroencephalogram, was developed to assess the antinociception-nociception balance, whereas the Bispectral Index (BIS) was developed to assess the hypnotic state during anesthesia. We studied the relationships between these indices, level of hypnosis (BIS level), and antinociception (predicted remifentanil effect-site concentrations, CeREMI) before and after stimulation. Also, we measured their association with movement in response to a noxious stimulus.

Increases in electroencephalogram and electromyogram variability are associated with an increased incidence of intraoperative somatic response.

Background: sBIS, the variability of the Bispectral Index (BIS), sEMG, the variability of facial electromyogram power (EMG), and the Composite Variability Index (CVI) are 3 new measures of electroencephalogram and EMG variability. CVI is a single measure of the combined variability in BIS and EMG. We investigated whether increases in these variables are associated with intraoperative somatic responses.

Response properties of neighboring neurons in the auditory midbrain for pure-tone stimulation: a tetrode study.

The complex anatomical structure of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC), the principal auditory nucleus in the midbrain, may provide the basis for functional organization of auditory information. To investigate this organization, we used tetrodes to record from neighboring neurons in the ICC of anesthetized cats and studied the similarity and difference among the responses of these neurons to pure-tone stimuli using widely used physiological characterizations. Consistent with the tonotopic arrangement of neurons in the ICC and reports of a threshold map, we found a high degree of correlation in the best frequencies (BFs) of neighboring neurons, which were mostly <3 kHz in our sample, and the pure-tone thresholds among neighboring neurons.