Mapping the evidence on interventions that mitigate the health, educational, social and economic impacts of child marriage and address the needs of child brides: a systematic scoping review.

More than 650 million women alive today were married as children. Relative to efforts to prevent child marriage, efforts to support child brides have received much less attention. This review set out to map and describe interventions that support child brides.

Chaotification and chaos control of q-homographic map.

This paper concerns the dynamical study of the q-deformed homographic map, namely, the q-homographic map, where q-deformation is introduced by Jagannathan and Sinha with the inspiration from Tsalli's q-exponential function. We analyze the q-homographic map by computing its basic nonlinear dynamics, bifurcation analysis, and topological entropy. We use the notion of a false derivative and the generalized Lambert W function of the rational type to estimate the upper bound on the number of fixed points of the q-homographic map.

FP2020 and FP2030 Country Commitments: A Mixed Method Study of Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Components.

Introduction: Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) was established in 2012 with the goal of expanding contraceptive access. By 2020, 46 countries had made commitments to FP2020. A sustained focus on adolescents and youth (AY) began in 2016.

Trends in Adolescent Health: Successes and Challenges From 2010 to the Present.

Purpose: This review considers trends in some of the major adolescent health outcomes and contextual influences since 2010, and explores the relevance of recent cultural, societal, and public health developments on adolescent well-being.

Methods: Based on a review of major reports published since 2010, we identified key topics of impact on adolescent health and development across several domains (education, economic opportunity, sexual and reproductive health, nutrition, and mental health) and ecological levels (from individual- to macro-level influences). Within these areas, we synthesized findings to describe recent trends, noting variation across countries/regions, gender/sex, and other social stratifications when possible.

Is a search for game changers preventing us from focusing on the necessary tasks of systems strengthening and norm change to facilitate adolescent contraceptive use?

With a keen awareness of the size and health needs of the global adolescent population, governments, nongovernment organizations and the technical and funding agencies that support them continue to seek innovative answers to persistent programming challenges to increasing contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents. Adolescents 360 (A360) is a project implemented by Population Services International (PSI) and partners with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and the Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF). The first phase of the project was implemented from 2016 - 2020 in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Tanzania.

Nimble adaptations to sexual and reproductive health service provision to adolescents and young people in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, emerging evidence showed that the provision and use of a range of health services, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, were affected. Otherwise, there was little evidence on whether and how they were adapted to maintain the access of different population groups, including adolescents. The study aims to provide an overview of adaptations to adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services carried out during the early phases of the pandemic in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Providing technical assistance: lessons learned from the first three years of the WHO Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Technical Assistance Coordination Mechanism.

Young people's sexual and reproductive health (SRH) continues to be a major challenge in low and middle-income countries, with implications for public health now and in the future. Fortunately there is a growing array of evidence-based interventions, and commitments from governments, development partners and donors, to support programmes that aim to improve young people's SRH.However, in some situations, the technical assistance that governments feel that they need to strengthen and implement national policies and strategies, to move from words to action, is not available.

The Challenge Initiative: Lessons on Rapid Scale-Up of Family Planning and Adolescent and Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Services.

The articles in this supplement showcase The Challenge Initiative’s strategies and insights for sustainably scaling evidence-based family planning and adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health interventions and emphasize the need for multipronged interventions that address the complex web of factors influencing adolescents’ and youth’s access to contraceptive services.

Kalium channelrhodopsins effectively inhibit neurons.

The analysis of neural circuits has been revolutionized by optogenetic methods. Light-gated chloride-conducting anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs)-recently emerged as powerful neuron inhibitors. For cells or sub-neuronal compartments with high intracellular chloride concentrations, however, a chloride conductance can have instead an activating effect.

A reanalysis of the Institute for Research and Evaluation report that challenges non-US, school-based comprehensive sexuality education evidence base.

Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) prepares young people to make informed decisions about their sexuality. A review by the Institute of Research and Evaluation that analysed 43 CSE studies in non-US settings found the majority to be ineffective and concluded that there was little evidence of the effectiveness of CSE. We reanalysed the review to investigate its validity.

Protocol for a multi-country implementation research study to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of context-specific actions to train and support facilitators to deliver sexuality education to young people in out-of-school settings.

Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is a well-established component of the package of interventions required to improve adolescent sexual and reproductive health and rights. As the international community has increased its emphasis on equity and leaving no-one behind with the Agenda for Sustainable Development, attention has been drawn to the need for complementary CSE programmes to reach young people who are not in school, or whose needs are not met by in-school CSE programmes. CSE in out-of-school contexts presents unique considerations, especially those related to facilitation.

Acceptability and continuation of use of the subdermal contraceptive implant among adolescents and young women in Argentina: a retrospective cohort study.

A new public policy was instituted in Argentina for free distribution of subdermal contraceptive implants to women aged 15-24 years old in the public healthcare system. The objective of this study is to determine the extent to which this population adhered to the implant, as well as predictors of continuation. The retrospective cohort study was based on a telephone survey of a random sample of 1101 Ministry of Health-registered implant users concerning the continuation of use, satisfaction with the method and side-effects, and reasons for removal.

Assessing the health, social, educational and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a rapid review of the literature.

COVID-19 has caused profound health, social, educational and economic devastation around the world, especially among the lives of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. This paper looks at a wide array of outcomes impacting adolescents' daily lives including health (mental, physical, sexual and reproductive health, vaccine perceptions and overlap between these topics), social relationships (family and peer), education and socio-economic disparities. Both scientific and grey literature between December 2019 and February 2022 were sought from PubMed, Google Scholar and organisations conducting research among adolescents, and coded.

Susceptibility of SARS Coronavirus-2 infection in domestic and wild animals: a systematic review.

Animals and viruses have constantly been co-evolving under natural circumstances and pandemic like situations. They harbour harmful viruses which can spread easily. In the recent times we have seen pandemic like situations being created as a result of the spread of deadly and fatal viruses.