Preliminary Screening on Antibacterial Crude Secondary Metabolites Extracted from Bacterial Symbionts and Identification of Functional Bioactive Compounds by FTIR, HPLC and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Secondary metabolites, bioactive compounds produced by living organisms, can unveil symbiotic relationships in nature. In this study, soilborne entomopathogenic nematodes associated with symbiotic bacteria ( and ) were extracted from solvent supernatant containing secondary metabolites, demonstrating significant inhibitory effects against , , , , , and . The characterization of these secondary metabolites by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy revealed amine groups of proteins, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of polyphenols, hydroxyl groups of polysaccharides, and carboxyl groups of organic acids.

Bacteriocin encapsulation for food and pharmaceutical applications: advances in the past 20 years.

The encapsulation of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria has involved several methods to protect them from unfavourable environmental conditions and incompatibilities. This review encompasses different methods for the encapsulation of bacteriocins and their applications in both food and pharmaceutical fields. Based on the bibliometric analysis of publications from well-reputed journals including different available patents during the period from 1996 to 2017, 135 articles and 60 patents were collected.

Isolation of limonoid compound (Hamisonine) from endophytic fungi Penicillium oxalicum LA-1 (KX622790) of Limonia acidissima L. for its larvicidal efficacy against LF vector, Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Upon screening for novel and potential biocompounds with larvicidal activities, we successfully isolated hamisonine (HMSN) a limonoid compound from endophytic fungi Penicillium oxalicum LA-1 of Limonia acidissima. The extracted compound structure was elucidated by spectral studies such as UV-vis spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, FTIR, LC-ESI-MS, H NMR, and C NMR upon comparing with the spectral data available in the literature. Further, the isolated HMSN was tested against III and IV instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae.

Xenorhabdus stockiae KT835471-mediated feasible biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles for their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

In this study, extracellular metabolites of symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus stockiae (KT835471) was employed for the synthesis of silver (XsAgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (XsAuNPs). Synthesized NPs were characterized using high throughput instrumentation which confirms the generation of stable, crystalline XsAgNPs and XsAuNPs with the mean size of 14 ± 6 and 14 ± 5, respectively. Further, the NPs exhibits an excellent bactericidal effect against six different pathogens.

Modulatory effect of Coccinia indica on aortic collagen in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

1. The effects of Coccinia indica, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic medicine in India, on aortic collagen content and its characteristics were assessed in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. 2.

Similarity between the major collagens of cuttlefish cranial cartilage and cornea.

Invertebrates possess unique collagen-containing connective tissue elements, the biochemistry of which is not clearly understood. We previously reported the occurrence of a novel heterotrimeric type V/XI like collagen in the cranial cartilage of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. We report here the purification of the three chains by ion exchange chromatography and the physicochemical characteristics of this collagen.

Inhibition of collagen glycation and crosslinking in vitro by methanolic extracts of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum).

The present investigation was carried out to study the effects of methanolic extracts of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) on glycation and crosslinking of collagen. Tail tendons obtained from rats weighing 200-225 g were incubated with glucose (50 mM) and 3 mg of extracts of the above millets in methanol under physiological conditions of temperature and pH for 10 days. Early glycation was estimated by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the crosslinking was assessed by pepsin digestion, cyanogen bromide peptide map and viscosity measurements.

Influence of Terminalia chebula on dermal wound healing in rats.

The effects of topical administration of an alcohol extract of the leaves of an evergreen plant, Terminalia chebula, on the healing of rat dermal wounds, in vivo, was assessed. T. chebula treated wounds healed much faster as indicated by improved rates of contraction and a decreased period of epithelialization.

A novel method of isolation of a bone-morphogenetic-protein-like protein from ossein.

A new bone-morphogenetic-protein (BMP)-like protein has been isolated through a new protocol from a novel source, ossein. The BMP-like protein was hydrophilic and characterized through Fourier-transform IR studies, SDS/PAGE and coupled with a neutral binder, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) for control release. The IR spectrum of the protein showed peaks in tandem with BMP from bone matrix, and its molecular mass was in the range 18-21 kDa.

Dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats: the early deposition of collagen.

Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) is a potent hepatotoxin that can cause fibrosis of the liver. It's ability to provide a suitable rapid experimental murine model for early human cirrhosis was examined. The drug was administered to adult male albino rats in order to document sequential pathological and biochemical alterations.

Biochemical abnormalities during the progression of hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine.

Objectives: The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is accompanied with several biochemical and metabolic abnormalities. To obtain more information about the alteration of biochemical and metabolic parameters during alcoholic liver fibrosis, we have monitored the changes of certain important biochemical compounds in experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis.

Design And Methods: The liver injury was induced in adult male albino rats by using dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in doses of 1 mg/100 g body weight.

Molecular species of collagen in the intramuscular connective tissues of the marine crab, Scylla serrata.

Type V like collagens are widely distributed in marine invertebrates, particularly crustaceans and molluscs. We have been investigating the nature of collagens in the muscular tissues of crustaceans. The presence of type V like homotrimeric collagen in prawn muscle was noted before.

An in vitro study on the role of metal catalyzed oxidation in glycation and crosslinking of collagen.

The present investigation was carried out to understand the effect of metal catalyzed oxidation on glycation and crosslinking of collagen. Tail tendons obtained from rats weighing 200-225 g were incubated with glucose (250 mM) and increasing concentrations of copper ions (5, 25, 50 and 100 microM) under physiological conditions of temperature and pH. Early glycation, crosslinking and late glycation (fluorescence) of collagen samples were analyzed periodically.

Effect of curcumin on the advanced glycation and cross-linking of collagen in diabetic rats.

A close association between increased oxidative stress and hyperglycemia has been postulated to contribute significantly to the accelerated accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the cross-linking of collagen in diabetes mellitus. In the present work, we report the influence of curcumin, an efficient antioxidant, on the level of AGEs and the cross-linking of collagen in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were given curcumin (200 mg/kg body wt) orally for a duration of 8 weeks.

Influence of Aloe vera on collagen turnover in healing of dermal wounds in rats.

Treatment of full-thickness wounds with A. vera, on rats resulted in increased biosynthesis of collagen and its degradation. A corresponding increase in the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was also observed.

Biochemical and connective tissue changes in cyclophosphamide-induced lung fibrosis in rats.

The present investigation was designed to characterize the biochemical and connective tissue components and to correlate the significance of morphological and biochemical perturbations in cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. Lung fibrosis was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/100 g body weight of CP, and their pneumotoxic derangements were characterized during an early destructive phase followed by a proliferative and synthetic phase. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was higher in CP-treated rats at days 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11, but there was a significant decrease in lung ACE activity during the same time period.

Advanced glycation end products induce crosslinking of collagen in vitro.

We have investigated the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the crosslinking of collagen. The potential pathological significance of AGEs and the altered metabolism of ascorbic acid (ASA) in diabetes have prompted us to investigate the role of ASA in the crosslinking and advanced glycation of collagen. Rat tail tendons were incubated with ASA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) under physiological conditions of temperature and pH, and the crosslinking and the level of AGEs were analyzed.

Occurrence of a novel collagen with three distinct chains in the cranial cartilage of the squid Sepia officinalis: comparison with shark cartilage collagen.

A unique collagen with three distinct chains, was purified from the cranial cartilage of the squid Sepia officinalis, by pepsinisation and salt precipitation and compared with shark cartilage collagen. These chains, which were different from the known cartilage collagen chains, were referred as C1, C2 and C3, had approximate molecular weights of 105 kDa, 115 kDa and 130 kDa, respectively, and were present in a ratio of 3:2:1, suggestive of two molecules of composition, [(C1)2C2] and [C1C2C3]. These collagens were purified by fractionation at acid and neutral pH, and by ammonium sulfate precipitation.

Glycoprotein composition in cyclophosphamide-induced lung fibrosis.

The present study investigated the glycosylation state of proteins in lung tissue of a cyclophosphamide-induced model of pulmonary fibrosis in rats. In fibrotic lung, the carbohydrate constituents (total hexose, fucose, sialic acid and hexosamine) of salt-soluble, collagenase, elastase and papain digested glycoproteins were significantly higher compared to normal lungs. Interestingly, fibrotic lung tissues had higher activities of mannosyl, glucosyl, galactosyl, sialyl and fucosyl transferases than normal lung tissues.

The role of metal-catalyzed oxidation in the formation of advanced glycation end products: an in vitro study on collagen.

The present study investigates the role of metal catalysed oxidation in the formation of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs). Rat tail tendon collagen was incubated with glucose (250 mM) and increasing concentrations of copper ions (5-500 microM) under physiological conditions of temperature and pH. After 1 and 3 weeks of incubation the level of AGEs in collagen samples were estimated by enzyme linked immunoassay, using antibodies raised against AGE ribonuclease.

Influence of Aloe vera on collagen characteristics in healing dermal wounds in rats.

Wound healing is a fundamental response to tissue injury that results in restoration of tissue integrity. This end is achieved mainly by the synthesis of the connective tissue matrix. Collagen is the major protein of the extracellular matrix, and is the component which ultimately contributes to wound strength.

Influence of aloe vera on the healing of dermal wounds in diabetic rats.

The positive influence of Aloe vera, a tropical cactus, on the healing of full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats is reported. Full-thickness excision/incision wounds were created on the back of rats, and treated either by topical application on the wound surface or by oral administration of the Aloe vera gel to the rat. Wound granulation tissues were removed on various days and the collagen, hexosamine, total protein and DNA contents were determined, in addition to the rates of wound contraction and period of epithelialization.

Influence of Aloe vera on the glycosaminoglycans in the matrix of healing dermal wounds in rats.

The influence of Aloe vera (L.) Burman f. on the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components of the matrix in a healing wound was studied.

Physiological and nutritional factors affecting biosynthesis of extracellular protease by Streptomyces spp. G157.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of culture conditions on extracellular protease biosynthesis by Streptomyces spp. G157. It was found that there was optimum expression of extracellular proteases in a medium of soyabean meal (2%), mannitol (2%) at a pH of 7.

Curcumin protects bleomycin-induced lung injury in rats.

The present study was designed to determine the protective effects of curcumin against bleomycin (BLM)-induced inflammatory and oxidant lung injury. The data indicate that BLM-mediated lung injury resulted in increases in lung lavage fluid biomarkers such as total protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Bleomycin administration also resulted in increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and greater amounts of alveolar macrophage (AM) superoxide dismutase activity.