Prognostic value of miliary versus non-miliary sub-staging in advanced ovarian cancer.

Objective: The presence of miliary disease during initial ovarian cancer debulking may reflect a distinct mode of peritoneal spread independent from size-based tumor staging and may explain variation in response to treatment and survival outcomes. To infer the prevalence, presentation and clinical implications of miliary disease we reviewed existing surgical records.

Methods: Reports were available for 1008 primary debulking surgeries for ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer between 2001 and 2015 (685 reports from 2005 to 2015).

Evaluation of Metachronous Breast and Endometrial Cancers: Preroutine and Postroutine Adjuvant Tamoxifen Use.

Background: The time interval between diagnoses of breast cancer (BC) and endometrial cancer (EC) is not well established in women with metachronous primary tumors. We sought to examine this interval and identify associations with treatment-related and clinicopathologic factors.

Methods: We identified 141 patients who developed both cancers during 1966 to 2013.

Progressive adaptation of hepatic ketogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet.

Hepatic ketogenesis provides a vital systemic fuel during fasting because ketone bodies are oxidized by most peripheral tissues and, unlike glucose, can be synthesized from fatty acids via mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Since dysfunctional mitochondrial fat oxidation may be a cofactor in insulin-resistant tissue, the objective of this study was to determine whether diet-induced insulin resistance in mice results in impaired in vivo hepatic fat oxidation secondary to defects in ketogenesis. Ketone turnover (micromol/min) in the conscious and unrestrained mouse was responsive to induction and diminution of hepatic fat oxidation, as indicated by an eightfold rise during the fed (0.

Uptake of 18F-labeled 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-D-glucose by skeletal muscle is responsive to insulin stimulation.

Unlabelled: We are developing a methodology for the noninvasive imaging of glucose transport in vivo with PET and (18)F-labeled 6-fluoro-6-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)F-6FDG), a tracer that is transported but not phosphorylated. To validate the method, we evaluated the biodistribution of (18)F-6FDG to test whether it is consistent with the known properties of glucose transport, particularly with regard to insulin stimulation of glucose transport.

Methods: Under glucose clamp conditions, rats were imaged at the baseline and under conditions of hyperinsulinemia.

6-Fluoro-6-deoxy-D-glucose as a tracer of glucose transport.

Glucose transport rates are estimated noninvasively in physiological and pathological states by kinetic imaging using PET. The glucose analog most often used is (18)F-labeled 2FDG. Compared with glucose, 2FDG is poorly transported by intestine and kidney.