Design and development of volume phase holographic grating based digital holographic interferometer for label-free quantitative cell imaging.

In this paper, a volume phase holographic optical element based digital holographic interferometer is designed and used for quantitative phase imaging of biological cells [white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria cells]. The experimental results reveal that sharp images of the S.

Weighted spline based integration for reconstruction of freeform wavefront.

In the present work, a spline-based integration technique for the reconstruction of a freeform wavefront from the slope data has been implemented. The slope data of a freeform surface contain noise due to their machining process and that introduces reconstruction error. We have proposed a weighted cubic spline based least square integration method (WCSLI) for the faithful reconstruction of a wavefront from noisy slope data.

Analysis of red blood cell parameters by Talbot-projected fringes.

Red blood cell (RBC) anomalies are significant symptoms for identification of health disorders and several blood diseases, which involve the modification of the parameters and biophysical characteristics of such cells. The aim of this study is to measure the three-dimensional phase information of healthy RBCs and their parameters, such as cell diameter, thickness, and hemoglobin (Hb) content, using Talbot-projected fringes. The Talbot image of linear grating is projected onto an RBC slide.

Experimental characterization of the hygroscopic properties of wood during convective drying using digital holographic interferometry.

In this paper, an application of digital holography for the measurement of surface deformations and the strain field to understand the shrinkage behavior of wood during convective drying is presented. Moisture absorption and desorption induce the dimensional changes and deformations in wood that leads to failure of certain components made of wood. The knowledge of the dimensional changes in wood, deformations, strain distribution and their causes are important for the best utilization of wood.

Subaperture stitching for measurement of freeform wavefront.

A method based on subaperture stitching for measurement of a freeform wavefront is proposed and applied to wavefronts calculated from the slope data acquired using a scanning Shack Hartmann sensor (SHS). The entire wavefront is divided into a number of subapertures with overlapping zones. Each subaperture is measured using the SHS, which is scanned over the entire wavefront.

Experimental investigation on butane diffusion flames under the influence of magnetic field by using digital speckle pattern interferometry.

In this paper, the effect of magnetic fields on the temperature and temperature profile of a diffusion flame obtained from a butane torch burner are investigated experimentally by using digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI). Experiments were conducted on a diffusion flame generated by a butane torch burner in the absence of a magnetic field and in the presence of uniform and nonuniform magnetic fields. A single DSPI fringe pattern was used to extract phase by using a Riesz transform and monogenic signal.

Study of heat dissipation process from heat sink using lensless Fourier transform digital holographic interferometry.

This paper presents the results of experimental investigations about the heat dissipation process of plate fin heat sink using digital holographic interferometry. Visual inspection of reconstructed phase difference maps of the air field around the heat sink with and without electric power in the load resistor provides qualitative information about the variation of temperature and the heat dissipation process. Quantitative information about the temperature distribution is obtained from the relationship between the digitally reconstructed phase difference map of ambient air and heated air.

Measurement of natural convective heat transfer coefficient along the surface of a heated wire using digital holographic interferometry.

In this paper, the local convective heat transfer coefficient (h) is measured along the surface of an electrically heated vertical wire using digital holographic interferometry (DHI). Experiments are conducted on wires of different diameters. The experimentally measured values are within the range as given in the literature.

Contouring of diffused objects using lensless Fourier transform digital moiré holography.

A method is proposed for contouring of diffused objects using digital holographic moiré interferometry in lensless Fourier transform configuration. Fringe projection moiré technique combined with digital double-exposure holography produces the contours in this method. Two digital holograms of a 10 mm aluminum alloy cube are recorded by tilting the illumination angle slightly between exposures, and a third one is recorded by translating the detector a little laterally with the final illumination angle unchanged.

Temperature measurement of axisymmetric flame under the influence of magnetic field using lensless Fourier transform digital holography.

In this paper the effect of uniform magnetic field B on the temperature and temperature profile of the diffusion flame is investigated using lensless Fourier transform digital holographic interferometry. The evaluation of temperature profile reveals that the width of flame as well as the maximum value of temperature inside the flame is increased.

Digital holographic interferometry for measurement of temperature in axisymmetric flames.

In this paper, experimental investigations and analysis is presented to measure the temperature and temperature profile of gaseous flames using lensless Fourier transform digital holographic interferometry. The evaluations of the experimental results give the accuracy, sensitivity, spatial resolution, and range of measurements to be well within the experimental limits. Details of the experimental results and analysis are presented.

High-resolution full-field optical coherence microscopy using a Mirau interferometer for the quantitative imaging of biological cells.

In this paper quantitative imaging of biological cells using high-resolution full-field optical coherence microscopy (FF-OCM) is reported. The FF-OCM was realized using a swept-source system, a Mirau interferometer, and a CCD camera (a two-dimensional detection unit). A Mirau-interferometric objective lens was used to generate the interferometric signal.

Swept-source digital holography to reconstruct tomographic images.

We present what we believe to be a new method of swept-source digital holography using a superluminescent diode (SLD) as a broadband light source and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a frequency tunable device. The swept source consists of an SLD as a broadband source in conjunction with the AOTF as the frequency tuning device in the wavelength range of 800-870 nm. Since the AOTF is an electronically controlled device, frequency tuning can be achieved without mechanical movement .

Lensless Fourier transform digital holographic interferometer for diffusivity measurement of miscible transparent liquids.

Lensless Fourier transform digital holographic technique is applied for measurement of diffusion in miscible transparent liquid solutions. The phase information at two time instances and a synthetic plane wavefront is used to determine the diffusion coefficient. The experiment was conducted to measure the diffusion coefficient of aqueous solution of NaCl in water.

Temperature measurement in laminar free convective flow using digital holography.

A method for measurement of temperature in laminar free convection flow of water is presented using digital holographic interferometry. The method is relatively simple and fast because the method uses lensless Fourier transform digital holography, for which the reconstruction algorithm is simple and fast, and also the method does not require use of any extra experimental efforts as in phase shifting. The quantitative unwrapped phase difference is calculated experimentally from two digital holograms recorded in two different states of water--one in the quiescent state, the other in the laminar free convection.

Two-wavelength Talbot effect and its application for three-dimensional step-height measurement.

The phenomenon of Talbot self-image shift by changing the wavelength of the illuminating light is described and demonstrated experimentally. A periodic grating is illuminated by light with wavelengths lambda1 and lambda2 generated by two lasers, and the Talbot self-images are recorded along the longitudinal direction at individual wavelengths. The Talbot self-image shift due to the change in the wavelength of light is implemented for the measurement of the three-dimensional step height of a large discontinuous object without any phase ambiguity problem.

Simple multifrequency and phase-shifting fringe-projection system based on two-wavelength lateral shearing interferometry for three-dimensional profilometry.

We propose a simple multifrequency spatial-carrier and phase-shifting fringe-projection system based on two-wavelength lateral shearing interferometry (LSI). In this system a wedge-shaped plate lateral shearing interferometer is used and, owing to the presence of tilt, a finite number of fringes parallel to the direction of the shear appears; hence a significant spatial-carrier frequency is generated at the focus position. We further enhance the spatial-carrier frequency either by changing the wavelength of the laser light or by slight defocusing.

Measurement of focal length with phase-shifting Talbot interferometry.

Phase-shifting interferometry with a Fourier fringe analysis technique is implemented to analyze Talbot interferometric fringes and to evaluate the focal length of a lens. A four-step algorithm is used to obtain the phase map of the lens. The slope of the phase map is related to the focal length, and it is from this relationship that we evaluate the focal length.

Measurement of temperature profile of a gaseous flame with a Lau phase interferometer that has circular gratings.

We have investigated the utility of a Lau phase interferometer with circular gratings and a white-light source to measure the temperature and temperature profile of an axisymmetric flame. The temperature measured with a Lau phase interferometer is in good agreement with the temperature measured with a thermocouple and multilogger. Detailed theoretical analysis and experimental investigation are presented.

Evaluation of the focal distance of lenses by white-light Lau phase interferometry.

We used a white-light Lau phase interferometer to evaluate the focal distances of two lenses. We found that the variation in the experimentally measured value is less than +/-1% from the given values. Limitations of the method and error analysis are presented.