Regional Trends and Spatial Gradients of Total Column Methane over India, China, and USA─Implications for Emissions from Coal Mining and Oil/Gas Exploitation.

Observation-based verification of regional/national methane (CH) emission trends is crucial for transparent monitoring and mitigation strategy planning. Although surface observations track the global and sub-hemispheric emission trends well, their sparse spatial coverage limits our ability to assess regional trends. Dense satellite observations complement surface observations, offering a valuable means to validate emission trends, especially in regions where emissions changes are substantial but debated.

Incidental diagnosis of subcutaneous filariasis with an unusual presentation in a non-endemic area-Need to worry?

We report an interesting case of Bancroftian filariasis diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology in a young female hailing from a non-endemic hilly area of India, who presented with a subcutaneous swelling on the left forearm. This is an unusual extra-lymphatic site to harbor filarial infestation and the cytology smears showed adult worms, eggs, and microfilariae of .

CO variability over a tropical coastal station in India: Synergy of observation and model.

Carbon dioxide (CO), being the prime greenhouse gas, has largest contribution in radiative forcing and global warming due to increased anthropogenic emissions leading to regional and global climate change. We performed CO measurements using a continuous monitoring instrument at a tropical coastal station at the southern tip of India (Thumba; 8.54° N, 76.

Recent decline in carbon monoxide levels observed at an urban site in Ahmedabad, India.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a prominent air pollutant in cities, with far-reaching implications for both local air quality and global atmospheric chemistry. The long-term change in atmospheric CO levels at a specific location is influenced by a complex interplay of local emissions, atmospheric transport, and photochemical processes, making it a subject of considerable interest. This study presents an 8-year analysis (2014-2021) of in situ CO observations using a cutting-edge laser-based analyzer at an urban site in Ahmedabad, western India.

Spatiotemporal atmospheric in-situ carbon dioxide data over the Indian sites-data perspective.

In the current study, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) data covering multiple locations in the Indian subcontinent are reported. This data was collected using a dedicated ground-based in-situ network established as part of the Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (CAP-IGBP) of the Climate and Atmospheric Processes of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Data are collected over Ponmudi, Ooty, Sriharikota, Gadanki, Shadnagar, Nagpur, and Dehradun during 2014-2015, 2017-2020, 2012, 2011-2015, 2014-2017, 2017 and 2008-2011, respectively.

Triamcinolone Acetonide Subconjunctival Injection as Stand-alone Inflammation Prophylaxis after Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of a single injection of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (TA) with that of postoperative topical prednisolone acetate (PA) with and without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for cataract surgery prophylaxis.

Design: Retrospective, comparative effectiveness cohort study.

Participants: Patients at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2018 through 2021.

Neighbouring effect of land use changes and fire emissions on atmospheric CO and CH over suburban region of India (Shadnagar).

The present study investigated the effects of land use/land cover (LU/LC) changes on atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) concentrations over the sub-urban region of India (Shadnagar) using continuous decadal CO and CHin-situ data measured by the greenhouse gas analyser (GGA). Data was collected from 2013 to 2022 at a 1 Hz frequency. Analysis of the current study indicates that during pre-monsoon, the seasonal maximum of CO was 409.

Revisiting regional and seasonal variations in decadal carbon monoxide variability: Global reversal of growth rate.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the important trace gases in the atmosphere capturing the evolution of chemical properties of the troposphere. Here we analyze the growth rates of CO during the period of 1991-2020 using in situ measurements from the World Meteorological Organization's (WMO) Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program. The analysis of trends has been done on different spatial and temporal scales.

Characterizing the regional XCO variability and its association with ENSO over India inferred from GOSAT and OCO-2 satellite observations.

India is primarily concerned with comprehending regional carbon source-sink response in the context of changes in atmospheric CO concentrations or anthropogenic emissions. Recent advancements in high-resolution satellite's fine-scale XCO measurements provide an opportunity to understand unprecedented details of source-sink activity on a regional scale. In this study, we investigated the long-term variations of XCO concentration and growth rates as well as its covarying relationship with ENSO and regional climate parameters (temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and NDVI) over India from 2010 to 2021 using GOSAT and OCO-2 retrievals.

Management of intussusception in children: A comparative study of hydrostatic reduction with saline under ultrasound guidance versus laparoscopic assistance.

Introduction: Intussusception is a common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and children. Ultrasound-guided hydrostatic reduction (USGHR) with saline is considered the gold standard with a success rate of more than 90%. Hydrostatic reduction with laparoscopic assistance has its own advantage of direct visualisation, assessment of bowel vascularity and controlled distension.

Observational constraints reduce model spread but not uncertainty in global wetland methane emission estimates.

The recent rise in atmospheric methane (CH ) concentrations accelerates climate change and offsets mitigation efforts. Although wetlands are the largest natural CH source, estimates of global wetland CH emissions vary widely among approaches taken by bottom-up (BU) process-based biogeochemical models and top-down (TD) atmospheric inversion methods. Here, we integrate in situ measurements, multi-model ensembles, and a machine learning upscaling product into the International Land Model Benchmarking system to examine the relationship between wetland CH emission estimates and model performance.

Olfactory rule learning-induced enhancement in intrinsic neuronal excitability is maintained by shutdown of the cholinergic M-current.

Training rats in a particularly difficult olfactory discrimination task initiates a period of accelerated learning, manifested as a dramatic increase in the rats' capacity to discriminate between pairs of odors once they have learned the discrimination task, implying that rule learning has taken place. At the cellular biophysical level, rule learning is maintained by reduction in the conductance of the slow current (sI) simultaneously in most piriform cortex layer II pyramidal neurons. Such sI reduction is expressed in attenuation of the post-burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) potential and thus in enhanced repetitive action potential firing.

Respiratory loss during late-growing season determines the net carbon dioxide sink in northern permafrost regions.

Warming of northern high latitude regions (NHL, > 50 °N) has increased both photosynthesis and respiration which results in considerable uncertainty regarding the net carbon dioxide (CO) balance of NHL ecosystems. Using estimates constrained from atmospheric observations from 1980 to 2017, we find that the increasing trends of net CO uptake in the early-growing season are of similar magnitude across the tree cover gradient in the NHL. However, the trend of respiratory CO loss during late-growing season increases significantly with increasing tree cover, offsetting a larger fraction of photosynthetic CO uptake, and thus resulting in a slower rate of increasing annual net CO uptake in areas with higher tree cover, especially in central and southern boreal forest regions.

4 Dimensional XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography: comprehensive evaluation of left ventricular strain and twist parameters in healthy Indian adults during COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: 4D XStrain speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a feasible newer technology to evaluate the strain and rotational deformation of left ventricle (LV). We aimed to exhaustively present the normal value ranges of LV strain and twist parameter in healthy Indian adults during COVID-19 pandemic and furthermore to analyse their relationship with age and gender.

Method: Study population consisted of 80 adults of 18-60 years (58 men, 22 women), which was arbitrarily divided into two groups: Group A <30 years and Group B >31 years.

Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Intermolecular Hydroalkoxylation of 1-Arylbutadienes.

An efficient method for the synthesis of ()-(3-alkoxybut-1-enyl)benzenes by Pd-catalyzed regioselective intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of 1-arylbutadienes has been developed. This method can be executed in a simple operation with no dry reaction conditions required and having tolerance to a wide range of substrates. Chloromethyl methyl ether (MOMCl) as an additive was found to be essential for the success of the reaction.

The Safety Profile of FDA-Approved Epithelium-Off Corneal Cross-Linking in a US Community-Based Healthcare System.

Purpose: To determine the occurrence of early post-operative complications following FDA-approved epithelium-off corneal cross-linking in the United States.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study identified patients who underwent epithelium-off (epi-off) corneal cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus and post-refractive keratectasia within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California healthcare system between 2016 and 2018. Post-operative complications including delayed epithelial healing, infection, and loss of visual acuity were recorded.

Seasonal and annual variations of CO and CH at Shadnagar, a semi-urban site.

Carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) are the most important greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to their significant role in anthropogenic global climate change. The spatio-temporal variations of their concentration are characterized by the terrestrial biosphere, seasonal weather patterns and anthropogenic emissions. Hence, to understand the variability in regional surface GHG fluxes, high precision GHGs measurements were initiated by the National Remote Sensing Center (NRSC) of India.

Strong Southern Ocean carbon uptake evident in airborne observations.

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in determining atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO), yet estimates of air-sea CO flux for the region diverge widely. In this study, we constrained Southern Ocean air-sea CO exchange by relating fluxes to horizontal and vertical CO gradients in atmospheric transport models and applying atmospheric observations of these gradients to estimate fluxes. Aircraft-based measurements of the vertical atmospheric CO gradient provide robust flux constraints.

Regional trends and drivers of the global methane budget.

The ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH ) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH emissions and CH accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000-2017. Here, we decompose the global budget into 19 regions (18 land and 1 oceanic) and five key source sectors to spatially attribute the observed global trends. A comparison of top-down (TD) (atmospheric and transport model-based) and bottom-up (BU) (inventory- and process model-based) CH emission estimates demonstrates robust temporal trends with CH emissions increasing in 16 of the 19 regions.

Comparison of outcomes between 2 week versus 4 week stenting in pediatric pyeloplasty-A single centre observational study.

Objective: To compare the surgical outcomes, improvement in renal function and complications between early stent removal (2 weeks) and late stent removal (4 weeks) after pediatric open pyeloplasty.

Methods: A total of 72 open pyeloplasty were included in the study. Forty-three underwent late stent removal (Group 1) and 29 underwent early stent removal (Group 2).

A Cellular Mechanism Underlying Enhanced Capability for Complex Olfactory Discrimination Learning.

The biological mechanisms underlying complex forms of learning requiring the understanding of rules based on previous experience are not yet known. Previous studies have raised the intriguing possibility that improvement in complex learning tasks requires the long-term modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability, induced by reducing the conductance of the slow calcium-dependent potassium current (sI) simultaneously in most neurons in the relevant neuronal networks in several key brain areas. Such sI reduction is expressed in attenuation of the postburst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) potential, and thus in enhanced repetitive action potential firing.

A non-synaptic mechanism of complex learning: Modulation of intrinsic neuronal excitability.

Training rats in a particularly difficult olfactory discrimination task initiates a period of accelerated learning of other odors, manifested as a dramatic increase in the rats' capacity to acquire memories for new odors once they have learned the first discrimination task, implying that rule learning has taken place. At the cellular level, pyramidal neurons in the piriform cortex, hippocampus and bsolateral amygdala of olfactory-discrimination trained rats show enhanced intrinsic neuronal excitability that lasts for several days after rule learning. Such enhanced intrinsic excitability is mediated by long-term reduction in the post-burst after-hyperpolarization (AHP) which is generated by repetitive spike firing, and is maintained by persistent activation of key second messenger systems.

Protective Effect of against Aluminum Chloride-induced Neurotoxicity in Swiss Albino Mice.

Background: Aluminum chloride (AlCl) is a known potent environmental neurotoxin causing progressive neurodegenerative changes in the brain. The herb is commonly known as "Rasana" and used as a nerve tonic in neuroinflammatory conditions in Indian system of medicine.

Objective: To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of in chronic AlCl-induced neurotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.