Evaluation of bacteriophage cocktail on septicaemia caused by colistin-resistant in immunocompromised mice model.

Background & Objectives: Since the bacterium, Acinetobacter baumannii (AB) has acquired resistance to almost all commercially available antibiotics, the search for alternative treatment options continues to be need of the hour. Bacteriophage therapy seems to be the most promising amongst various proposed alternatives (e.g.

Drug Resistance Pattern in the Recent Isolates of with Special Reference to Cephalosporins and Azithromycin in the Gangetic Plain.

Introduction: Typhoid fever is an endemic disease in India against which many antibiotics are available. In the recent times, emerging resistance to traditional antibiotics, such as Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol and Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Azithro-mycin and third generation Cephalosporins are being reported and increasingly being used in the treatment of invasive infections. However, the latter two drugs have been reported with occasional clinical failures.

Ulcerative Colitis and Its Association with Salmonella Species.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by presence of ulcer in colon and bloody diarrhea. The present study explores the possibility of association between Salmonella and ulcerative colitis. The present study comprised 59 cases of UC, 28 of colon cancer (CC), 127 of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and 190 of healthy control.

Salmonella Manipulation of Host Signaling Pathways Provokes Cellular Transformation Associated with Gallbladder Carcinoma.

Cancer is fueled by deregulation of signaling pathways in control of cellular growth and proliferation. These pathways are also targeted by infectious pathogens en route to establishing infection. Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is frequent in the Indian subcontinent, with chronic Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection reported as a significant risk factor.

Itraconazole-resistant Candida auris with phospholipase, proteinase and hemolysin activity from a case of vulvovaginitis.

Since the emergence of pathogenic non-albicans Candida species, a number of new isolates have been added to the list. One such unusual species is Candida auris (C. auris), recently isolated and studied in few reports.

Mix-infection of S. Typhi and ParaTyphi A in Typhoid Fever and Chronic Typhoid Carriers: A Nested PCR Based Study in North India.

Introduction: Enteric fever is a systemic disease caused by Salmonella organism such as serotypes Typhi and ParaTyphi A, B, C. Salmonella ParaTyphi A contributes more than 50% of all the enteric fever cases and it has recently been projected as an emerging pathogen.

Materials And Methods: The present study was aimed to detect Salmonella Typhi and ParaTyphi A in urine, blood and stool specimens collected from cases of enteric fever (110), chronic typhoid carriers (46) and healthy controls (75) to explore the possibility of mixed infection by nested PCR.

Acid exposure induces multiplication of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi faces several environmental stresses while going through the stomach (acidic pH) to the small intestine (basic pH) and intracellularly in macrophages (acidic pH) in humans. The acidic pH followed by alkaline pH in the small intestine might be responsible for expression of certain stress-induced genes, resulting in not only better survival but also induction of multiplication and invasion of the bacterium in the small intestine. Based on this hypothesis, we developed a process wherein we exposed the blood, urine, and stool specimens from 90 acute typhoid fever patients and 36 chronic typhoid carriers to acidic pH to see the effect on isolation rate of S.

Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori: what should be the gold standard?

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 1983, numerous detection methods for the presence of the bacterium have been developed. Each one of them has been associated with advantages and disadvantages.

Helicobacter pylori is not eradicated after triple therapy: a nested PCR based study.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori after triple therapy is usually carried out by either rapid urease test (RUT), urea breath test (UBT), histology, bacterial isolation, and single round PCR or serological tests. In this study, antral biopsy specimens from 25 patients were tested for H. pylori by RUT, culture, histology, and nested PCR in their antral biopsy specimens before and after treatment.

The Genomic Blueprint of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12.

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi is a rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria, and has the capability of residing in the human gallbladder by forming a biofilm and hence causing the person to become a typhoid carrier. Here we present the complete genome of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhi strain P-stx-12, which was isolated from a chronic carrier in Varanasi, India.

Targeting of putative fimbrial gene for detection of S. Typhi in typhoid fever and chronic typhoid carriers by nested PCR.

Introduction: It is important to identify Salmonella Typhi infection quickly to treat acute fever patients and to prevent transmission by chronic typhoid carriers; therefore, a very specific and sensitive diagnostic technique is highly desirable, especially in endemic areas. The objective of this study was to develop a PCR protocol targeting the putative fimbrial staA gene of S. Typhi.

Pseudomonas fluorescens-like bacteria from the stomach: a microbiological and molecular study.

Aim: To characterize oxidase- and urease-producing bacterial isolates, grown aerobically, that originated from antral biopsies of patients suffering from acid peptic diseases.

Methods: A total of 258 antral biopsy specimens were subjected to isolation of bacteria followed by tests for oxidase and urease production, acid tolerance and aerobic growth. The selected isolates were further characterized by molecular techniques viz.

Use of urine with nested PCR targeting the flagellin gene (fliC) for diagnosis of typhoid fever.

This study was planned to evaluate the efficacy of the use of nested PCR with a large volume of easily available urine as an effort to devise a test that can meet the levels necessary to be considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. A total of 60 subjects with suspected cases of typhoid fever and 20 apparently healthy control subjects were included in the study. The study period extended from March 2010 to June 2011.

Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12.

We report here the complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi P-stx-12, a clinical isolate obtained from a typhoid carrier in India.

Isolation of Salmonella typhi from apparently healthy liver.

It is suggested that Salmonella typhi resides mostly in hepatobiliary system especially in gallbladder in chronic typhoid carriers. It is not very clear whether in gallbladder lumen or on its wall or in liver. However, we had been successful in detecting S.