Implementing Change Through an Outpatient Antibiotic Stewardship Program.

Introduction: We sought to implement a multipronged behavioral intervention to reduce and tailor antibiotic use for 2 common urologic outpatient procedures.

Methods: This study was a nonblinded intervention study that consisted of a preintervention phase (November 2018-January 2019), an intervention phase (January 2020-December 2020) in which a multipronged behavioral intervention was implemented, and a postintervention phase (January 2021-March 2021). We examined antibiotic use for cystoscopy and transrectal prostate biopsy at 3 separate urologic outpatient clinics.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia nodules in patients treated with celecoxib and/or finasteride have reduced levels of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, a mitochondrial protein essential for efficient function of the electron transport chain.

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition generally associated with advanced age in men that can be accompanied by bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including intermittency, weak stream, straining, urgency, frequency, and incomplete bladder voiding. Pharmacotherapies for LUTS/BPH include alpha-blockers, which relax prostatic and urethral smooth muscle and 5ɑ-reductase inhibitors such as finasteride, which can block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone thereby reducing prostate volume. Celecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor that reduces inflammation and has shown some promise in reducing prostatic inflammation and alleviating LUTS for some men with histological BPH.

Using a Multi-pronged Behavioral Intervention to Standardize Antibiotic Prophylaxis at the Time of Foley Catheter Removal After Radical Prostatectomy.

Objective: To identify antibiotic prescribing patterns at the time of foley catheter removal after radical prostatectomy and implement a multi-pronged behavioral intervention to standardize antibiotic use.

Methods: This was a single-institution study examining the prescribing of antibiotics at the time of foley catheter removal after radical prostatectomy. Pre-intervention data were collected retrospectively to establish baselines for antibiotic prescribing, patient characteristics, and urinary tract infection rates.

Utilizing a Questionnaire to Implement a Risk-based Antibiotic Prophylaxis Protocol for Transrectal Prostate Biopsy.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a risk-based antibiotic prophylaxis protocol for patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy.

Methods: We created a risk-based protocol for antibiotic prophylaxis before transrectal prostate biopsy. Patients were screened for infection risk-factors with a self-administered questionnaire.

Increased COX-1 expression in benign prostate epithelial cells is triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Prostatic inflammation is closely linked to the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Clinical studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), targeting prostate inflammation patients with symptomatic BPH have demonstrated conflicting results, with some studies demonstrating symptom improvement and others showing no impact. Thus, understanding the role of the cyclooxygenases in BPH and prostatic inflammation is important.

E-cadherin expression is inversely correlated with aging and inflammation in the prostate.

Introduction And Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prostatic disease that is significantly associated with aging. However, it is not well understood how aging contributes to BPH pathogenesis. Several factors associated with an increased risk of BPH are also associated with increasing age, including chronic inflammation and declining epithelial barrier function.

Claudin-1 down-regulation in the prostate is associated with aging and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in BPH.

Introduction And Objective: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related disease that is frequently associated with chronic prostatic inflammation. In previous studies, we detected the presence of PSA protein in the stroma of BPH nodules and down-regulation of junction proteins E-cadherin and claudin-1. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging showed a decrease in tight junctions suggesting the luminal epithelial barrier in BPH tissues may be compromised.