Self-Management Practices Among Adults With Diabetes in the United States: An Analysis of the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which adults with diabetes engage in self-management practices to lower their blood glucose levels and determine factors associated with these engagements.

Methods: The study analyzed data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The sample included 1171 adults ages 20 and older with a laboratory A1C level of 6.

Enhanced fear extinction through infralimbic perineuronal net digestion: The modulatory role of adolescent alcohol exposure.

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized components of the extracellular matrix that play a critical role in learning and memory. In a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, degradation of PNNs affects the formation and storage of fear memories. This study examined the impact of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation on the expression of PNNs in the adult rat prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IfL) subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex.

Enhanced Fear Extinction Through Infralimbic Perineuronal Net Digestion: The Modulatory Role of Adolescent Alcohol Exposure.

Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized components of the extracellular matrix that play a critical role in learning and memory. In a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm, degradation of PNNs affects the formation and storage of fear memories. This study examined the impact of adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation on the expression of PNNs in the adult rat prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IfL) subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex.

Effect of chronic alcohol exposure and single-prolonged stress on conditioned fear behavior.

The present study investigated the impact of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure and single-prolonged stress (SPS) on the acquisition of fear memories in both male and female Wistar rats. Adult rats were first subjected to CIE by vapor inhalation followed by SPS. Following a subsequent 8-day incubation period, the rats underwent a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure (tone-shock pairings) followed by cued-tone extinction training, and then testing of extinction recall memory and fear renewal memory.

Adolescent alcohol exposure promotes mechanical allodynia and alters synaptic function at inputs from the basolateral amygdala to the prelimbic cortex.

Binge drinking is common among adolescents despite mounting evidence linking it to various adverse health outcomes that include heightened pain perception. The prelimbic (PrL) cortex is vulnerable to insult from adolescent alcohol exposure and receives input from the basolateral amygdala (BLA) while sending projections to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) - two brain regions implicated in nociception. In this study, adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure was carried out in male and female rats using a vapor inhalation procedure.

Central Amygdala Astrocyte Plasticity Underlies GABAergic Dysregulation in Ethanol Dependence.

Dependence is a hallmark of alcohol use disorder characterized by excessive alcohol intake and withdrawal symptoms. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a key brain structure underlying the synaptic and behavioral consequences of ethanol dependence. While accumulating evidence suggests that astrocytes regulate synaptic transmission and behavior, there is a limited understanding of the role astrocytes play in ethanol dependence.

Saline mine water influences eukaryote life in shallow groundwater of a tropical sandy stream.

Eukaryotic communities in groundwater may be particularly sensitive to disturbance because they are adapted to stable environmental conditions and often have narrow spatial distributions. Traditional methods for characterising these communities, focussing on groundwater-inhabiting macro- and meiofauna (stygofauna), are challenging because of limited taxonomic knowledge and expertise (particularly in less-explored regions), and the time and expense of morphological identification. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of eukaryote communities in shallow groundwater to mine water discharge containing elevated concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and sulfate (SO).

Co-design of 'Ways of Being', a web-based experience to optimise online arts and culture for mental health in young people.

Aims And Method: We aimed to co-design an intervention optimising the benefits of online arts and culture for mental health in young people for subsequent testing in a trial. Co-design followed the double diamond phases of design, discover, define, develop and deliver.

Results: Navigating the views of all co-designers to produce a testable resource demanded in-depth understanding, and frequent iterations in multiple modalities of the theoretical basis of the intervention, amplification of youth voice and commitment to a common goal.

Involvement of cortical input to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus in aversion to foot shock.

The rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) encodes negative reward prediction error (RPE) and plays an important role in guiding behavioral responding to aversive stimuli. Previous research has focused on regulation of RMTg activity by the lateral habenula despite studies revealing RMTg afferents from other regions including the frontal cortex. The current study provides a detailed anatomical and functional analysis of cortical input to the RMTg of male rats.

RNAi screening for modulators of an osmo-sensitive gene response to extracellular matrix damage reveals negative feedback and interactions with translation inhibition.

In epidermal tissues, extracellular matrices (ECMs) function as barriers between the organism and environment. Despite being at the interface with the environment, little is known about the role of animal barrier ECMs in sensing stress and communicating with cytoprotective gene pathways in neighboring cells. We and others have identified a putative damage sensor in the C.

Neurocognitive Outcomes in Deformational Plagiocephaly: Is There an Association between Morphologic Severity and Results?

Background: The neurodevelopmental effects of skull asymmetry and orthotic helmet therapy for deformational plagiocephaly (DP) have had limited investigation. This study assessed the long-term neurocognitive outcomes in patients with DP and their association with orthotic helmet therapy and head shape abnormality.

Methods: A total of 138 school-age children with a history of DP, 108 of whom received helmet therapy, were tested with a neurocognitive battery assessing academic achievement, intelligence quotient, and visual-motor function.

Adolescent alcohol exposure alters threat avoidance in adulthood.

Adolescent binge-like alcohol exposure impairs cognitive function and decision making in adulthood and may be associated with dysfunction of threat avoidance, a critical mechanism of survival which relies upon executive function. The present study investigated the impact of binge-like alcohol exposure during adolescence on active avoidance in adulthood. Male and female rats were subjected to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation and then tested in adulthood using a platform-mediated avoidance task.

Adolescent alcohol exposure reduces dopamine 1 receptor modulation of prelimbic neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala.

Binge drinking during adolescence is highly prevalent despite increasing evidence of its long-term impact on behaviors associated with modulation of behavioral flexibility by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the present study, male and female rats underwent adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation. After aging to adulthood, retrograde bead labelling and viral tagging were used to identify populations of neurons in the prelimbic region (PrL) of the mPFC that project to specific subcortical targets.

Improving university students' mental health using multi-component and single-component sleep interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

University is a time of significant transitions during a young adult's life, with delayed and shortened sleep and poor mental health a common occurrence. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of both multi-component and single-component sleep interventions on improving university students' sleep and mental health. Five databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Library) were searched for relevant literature published until April 2022.

Extracellular matrix regulation of stress response genes during larval development in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Mutation or loss of 6 extracellular matrix collagen genes disrupts annular furrows in adult C. elegans cuticles, causes a wide "Dumpy" body morphology, and activates osmotic, detoxification, and antimicrobial defense genes. High environmental osmolarity reduces internal turgor pressure, physically distorts the epidermis, and activates the same stress responses.

Pandemic and student mental health: mental health symptoms among university students and young adults after the first cycle of lockdown in the UK.

Background: Early COVID-19 research suggests a detrimental impact of the initial lockdown on young people's mental health.

Aims: We investigated mental health among university students and young adults after the first UK lockdown and changes in symptoms over 6 months.

Method: In total, 895 university students and 547 young adults not in higher education completed an online survey at T1 (July-September 2020).

The lateral habenula is not required for ethanol dependence-induced escalation of drinking.

The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamic nuclei that has been shown to signal the aversive properties of ethanol. The present study tested the hypothesis that activity of the LHb is required for the acquisition and/or expression of dependence-induced escalation of ethanol drinking and somatic withdrawal symptoms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats completed 4 weeks of baseline drinking under a standard intermittent access two-bottle choice (2BC) paradigm before undergoing 2 weeks of daily chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) via vapor inhalation.

Behavioral and slice electrophysiological assessment of DREADD ligand, deschloroclozapine (DCZ) in rats.

Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) have become a premier neuroscience research tool for enabling reversible manipulations of cellular activity following experimenter-controlled delivery of a DREADD-specific ligand. However, several DREADD ligands, e.g.

Virtual Neurocognitive Testing in Craniofacial Surgery.

Digital communication platforms have had an impact on plastic surgery research. Although neurocognitive testing is an important tool for understanding the long-term developmental outcomes of congenital craniofacial conditions, testing has been geographically limited because of its interactive nature. Virtual neurocognitive testing is a facsimile version of in-person testing that allows researchers to overcome this limitation with high fidelity.

Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Robin Sequence Using Three-Dimensional Analysis and Planning.

The optimal management of patients with Robin sequence may include neonatal mandibular distraction osteogenesis, which has been used to achieve excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes in appropriate patients. This article and video vignette depict the treatment of micrognathia and airway obstruction secondary to Robin sequence, demonstrating the planning and surgical approach of the senior author (D.M.

Adolescent Alcohol Exposure Results in Sex-specific Alterations in Conditioned Fear Learning and Memory in Adulthood.

The present study used auditory fear conditioning to assess the impact of repeated binge-like episodes of alcohol exposure during adolescence on conditioned fear in adulthood. Male and female Long-Evans rats were subjected to adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure by vapor inhalation between post-natal day 28 and 44. After aging into adulthood, rats then underwent fear conditioning by exposure to a series of tone-shock pairings.

Aesthetic Repair of Unilateral Cleft Lip using the Modified Inferior Triangle and Adjunctive Techniques.

Surgical management of unilateral cleft lip is challenging. Correction requires a comprehensive approach to ensure optimal aesthetic outcomes. Various techniques have been proposed for the repair of cleft lip.